PHILIPPE HENRI ARNOUT DE CLERMONT: Organophosphates, ethers, phenols, and other organic subjects.

Philippe de Clermont (1831–1921) was a French organic chemist, known particularly for his synthesis of tetraethyl pyrophosphate, the first organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor. This achievement was part of an extensive research about phosphoric ethers using Wurtz’s procedure. This type of synthe...

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Publicado en:Revista CENIC Ciencias Quimicas no. 2; pp. 335 - 351
Autor principal: Wisniak, Jaime
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas jul-dic2022
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        atl: PHILIPPE HENRI ARNOUT DE CLERMONT: Organophosphates, ethers, phenols, and other organic subjects.
      aug:
        au: Wisniak, Jaime
        affil: Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev,Beer-Sheva, Israel 84105.
      su:
        Arnout de Clermont, Philippe Henri
        Metal sulfides
        Pyruvic acid
        Octene
        Pyrogallic acid
        Chemical decomposition
        Cholinesterase reactivators
        Cholinesterase inhibitors
        Pyrophosphates
        Phenols
        Thiourea
        Ethers
        Manganous sulfide
        Ammonium chloride
      sug:
        subj:
          Arnout de Clermont, Philippe Henri
          Metal sulfides
          Pyruvic acid
          Octene
          Pyrogallic acid
          Chemical decomposition
          Cholinesterase reactivators
          Cholinesterase inhibitors
          Pyrophosphates
          Phenols
          Thiourea
          Ethers
          Manganous sulfide
          Ammonium chloride
      keyword:
        aurin
        metal sulfides
        phenols
        phosphorous ethers
        pyrogallic acid
        tetraethyl pyrophosphate
        ácido pirogálico
        éteres fosfóricos
        aurina
        fenoles
        sulfuros metálicos
        tetra etil pirofosfato
      ab:
        Philippe de Clermont (1831–1921) was a French organic chemist, known particularly for his synthesis of tetraethyl pyrophosphate, the first organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor. This achievement was part of an extensive research about phosphoric ethers using Wurtz’s procedure. This type of synthesis was found to be also appropriate for the preparation of carbonic ethers. Another important consequence was that the reaction between ammonia and an ether composed of a mineral oxacid resulted in the formation of an alcoholic alkali. Clermont also carried extensive research about octene and its derivatives that culminated in the synthesis of a large number of new derivatives, among them octylene oxide acetate, caprylene halides and alcohol, octyl glycol, octyl glycol chlorhydrin, etc. Clermont determined the composition of persulfonic acid, synthesized sulfophenylurea, and a variety of thioureas. He also studied a variety of reactions of pyruvic acid, the composition of pyrogallic acid, synthesized purpurogallin, and a variety of metallic sulfides, in particularly the flesh and green sulfides of manganese and the decomposition reaction of ammonium chloride with metallic sulfides. Likewise, he showed that the production of aurin required the presence of nascent CO.
        Philippe de Clermont (1831–1921) fue in químico francés, conocido particularmente por su síntesis del tetra etilo pirofosfato, el primer inhibidor del orgánofosfato colinesterasa. Este logro fue parte de un programa extenso acerca éteres fosfóricos usando el procedimiento de Würtz. Este tipo de síntesis probó ser también apropiado para la preparación de éteres carbónicos. Otro resultado importante indicó que la reacción entre el amoníaco y un éter formado por un oxácido mineral daba lugar a la formación de un álcali alcohólico. Clermont también llevó a cabo un extenso programa de investigación acerca del octeno y sus derivados que culminó con la síntesis de un gran número de nuevos derivados, entre ellos, el acetato del óxido de buteno, los haluros y el alcohol caprílico, el octil glicol, la clorhidrina del octil glicol, etc. Clermont determinó la composición del ácido persulfónico, sintetizó la sulfofenil urea y una variedad de tioureas. Estudió una variedad de reacciones del ácido pirúvico, la composición del ácido pirogálico y sintetizó purpúrogalina, y una variedad de sulfuros metálicos, en particular los sulfuros verdes y rosados del manganeso, y la reacción de descomposición del cloruro de amonio con sulfuros metálicos. Asimismo, demostró que la producción de aurina requería la presencia de CO naciente.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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