An Explainable Convolutional Neural Network for the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease from 18F-FDG PET.

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) which support the diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease using 18F-FDG PET images are obtaining promising results; however, one of the main challenges in this domain is the fact that these models work as black-box systems. We developed a CNN that performs a multiclass c...

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Publicado en:Journal of Digital Imaging Vol. 36; no. 1; pp. 189 - 204
Autores principales: De Santi, Lisa Anita, Pasini, Elena, Santarelli, Maria Filomena, Genovesi, Dario, Positano, Vincenzo
Formato: diagnostic images equations & formulas pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Springer Nature Feb2023
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Feb2023
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      pub: Springer Nature
      place: New York, New York
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        10.1007/s10278-022-00719-3
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        atl: An Explainable Convolutional Neural Network for the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease from 18F-FDG PET.
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        au:
          De Santi, Lisa Anita
          Pasini, Elena
          Santarelli, Maria Filomena
          Genovesi, Dario
          Positano, Vincenzo
        affil: University of Pisa - Department of Information Engineering, Pisa, Italy
      sug:
        subj:
          Alzheimer's Disease Radiography
          Early Diagnosis Methods
          Positron-Emission Tomography Methods
          Fludeoxyglucose F 18 Diagnostic Use
          Image Processing, Computer Assisted Methods
          Neural Networks (Computer)
          Predictive Value of Tests
          Human
          Artificial Intelligence
          Deep Learning
          Neuroradiography
          Prediction Models
          ROC Curve
          Post Hoc Analysis
      ab: Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) which support the diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease using 18F-FDG PET images are obtaining promising results; however, one of the main challenges in this domain is the fact that these models work as black-box systems. We developed a CNN that performs a multiclass classification task of volumetric 18F-FDG PET images, and we experimented two different post hoc explanation techniques developed in the field of Explainable Artificial Intelligence: Saliency Map (SM) and Layerwise Relevance Propagation (LRP). Finally, we quantitatively analyze the explanations returned and inspect their relationship with the PET signal. We collected 2552 scans from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative labeled as Cognitively Normal (CN), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and we developed and tested a 3D CNN that classifies the 3D PET scans into its final clinical diagnosis. The model developed achieves, to the best of our knowledge, performances comparable with the relevant literature on the test set, with an average Area Under the Curve (AUC) for prediction of CN, MCI, and AD 0.81, 0.63, and 0.77 respectively. We registered the heatmaps with the Talairach Atlas to perform a regional quantitative analysis of the relationship between heatmaps and PET signals. With the quantitative analysis of the post hoc explanation techniques, we observed that LRP maps were more effective in mapping the importance metrics in the anatomic atlas. No clear relationship was found between the heatmap and the PET signal.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        diagnostic images
        equations & formulas
        pictorial
        research
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        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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