GOD OF THE GAPS OR THE GOD OF "DESIGN AND DOMINION"? RE‐VISITING NEWTON'S THEOLOGY.

Starting with Gottfried Leibniz, Isaac Newton's theology has often been caricatured as putting forward a "God of the gaps" argument for God's existence and continued involvement in the world. Peter Harrison has pointed out that this characterization of Newton's theology is "not entirely clear." A cl...

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Published in:Zygon: Journal of Religion & Science Vol. 58; no. 1; pp. 64 - 79
Main Author: Torrance, Eugenia
Format: Article
Published: Open Library of Humanities Mar2023
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Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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        au: Torrance, Eugenia
      su:
        Newton, Isaac, 1642-1727
        Theology
        God
        Proof of God
        Divine providence
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          Newton, Isaac, 1642-1727
          Theology
          God
          Proof of God
          Divine providence
      keyword:
        argument from design
        deism
        God of the gaps
        Isaac Newton
        science‐engaged theology
      ab: Starting with Gottfried Leibniz, Isaac Newton's theology has often been caricatured as putting forward a "God of the gaps" argument for God's existence and continued involvement in the world. Peter Harrison has pointed out that this characterization of Newton's theology is "not entirely clear." A closer look at Newton's letters and the drafts to the Opticks reveals that, rather than arguing God's providential ordering and care over the world, he takes these for granted and is reluctant to specify instances of this order and care based on his physical research. He certainly believes in gaps in mechanical causes but is more eager to fill those gaps with nonmechanical natural causes than with God. Further, his system does not exhibit the two most prevalent weaknesses attributed to "God of the gaps" theologies: (1) that by describing God as intervening in natural causes his skill as a designer is maligned and (2) that by describing the physical details of God's involvement in the world one puts too much weight on theories likely to be replaced as science advances. Newton avoids the former weakness because it is only God's masterfulness as designer that he ties in any way to his theories of the physical world. He avoids the latter because he never points to God as the direct cause of any specific physical processes. Newton hoped that his system would cause his readers to marvel not only at God's providence but also at humankind's inability to sufficiently understand it.
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