Effects of emotional arousal on the neural impact and behavioral efficacy of cigarette graphic warning labels.
Background and Aims: Graphic warning labels (GWLs) on cigarette packs have been adopted by many jurisdictions world‐wide. In the United States, the introduction of GWLs has been delayed by claims that their high level of negative emotional arousal unnecessarily infringed upon the tobacco manufacture...
| Published in: | Addiction Vol. 118; no. 5; pp. 914 - 925 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
| Format: | pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article |
| Published: |
Wiley-Blackwell
May2023
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| Online Access: | View this record in EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=162841689&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 162841689 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 09652140 AIO jtl: Addiction issn: 09652140 maglogo: Y pubinfo: dt: May2023 vid: 118 iid: 5 pid: 480 pub: Wiley-Blackwell place: Malden, Massachusetts artinfo: ui: 162841689 161380724 162841689 162841689 10.1111/add.16112 162841689 ppf: 914 ppct: 11 formats: fmt: – @attributes: type: T – @attributes: type: C – @attributes: type: P tig: atl: Effects of emotional arousal on the neural impact and behavioral efficacy of cigarette graphic warning labels. aug: au: Shi, Zhenhao Wang, An‐Li Fairchild, Victoria P. Aronowitz, Catherine A. Padley, James H. Lynch, Kevin G. Loughead, James Langleben, Daniel D. affil: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA,, USA sug: subj: Graphics Smoking Product Labeling Emotional Intelligence Neural Pathways Human Funding Source Nonexperimental Studies Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methods Tobacco Products Confidence Intervals Chi Square Test Amygdala Inhalation Exposure ab: Background and Aims: Graphic warning labels (GWLs) on cigarette packs have been adopted by many jurisdictions world‐wide. In the United States, the introduction of GWLs has been delayed by claims that their high level of negative emotional arousal unnecessarily infringed upon the tobacco manufacturers' free speech. This study aimed to provide experimental data on the contribution of emotional arousal to GWL efficacy. Design: Observational study using long‐term naturalistic exposure and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Setting: Research university in Philadelphia, PA, USA. Participants: A total of 168 adult smokers. Measurements For 4 weeks, participants received cigarettes in packs that carried either high‐arousal or low‐arousal GWLs (n = 84 versus 84). Smoking behavior, quitting‐related cognitions and GWL‐induced brain response were measured before and after the 4‐week exposure. The amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex served as regions of interest. Findings Compared with the high‐arousal group, the low‐arousal group smoked fewer cigarettes [log10‐transformed, 1.076 versus 1.019; difference = 0.056, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.027, 0.085, χ2(1) = 14.21, P < 0.001] and showed stronger intention to quit (2.527 versus 2.810; difference = −0.283, 95% CI = −0.468, –0.098, χ2(1) = 8.921, P = 0.007) and endorsement of the GWLs' textual component (4.805 versus 5.503; difference = −0.698, 95% CI = −1.016, −0.380, χ2(1) = 18.47, P < 0.001). High‐arousal GWLs induced greater amygdala response than low‐arousal GWLs (0.157 versus 0.052; difference = 0.105, 95% CI = 0.049, 0.161, χ2(1) = 23.52, P < 0.001), although the response to high‐arousal GWLs declined over time (slope = −0.087 versus 0.016; difference = −0.103, 95% CI = −0.198, –0.009, χ2(1) = 6.370, P = 0.046). Greater baseline amygdala response was associated with more smoking at 4 weeks in the high‐arousal group, but less smoking in the low‐arousal group (slope = 0.179 versus −0.122; difference = 0.287, 95% CI = 0.076, 0.498, χ2(1) = 7.086, P = 0.008). Medial prefrontal response did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusions: High‐arousal cigarette graphic warning labels (GWLs) appear to be less efficacious than low‐arousal GWLs. The high emotional reaction that high‐arousal GWLs elicit wanes over time. Baseline amygdala response negatively predicts efficacy of high‐arousal GWLs and positively predicts efficacy of low‐arousal GWLs. High emotional arousal may not be required for sustained GWL efficacy. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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