Client‐side energy and GHGs assessment of advertising and tracking in the news websites.

Electronic devices consume energy both in the production and the use phase. Furthermore, the "hidden" impacts linked to their use are not frequently assessed and they depend on the behavior of the users, besides the servers and complex web networks. It must be underlined that many websites employ ad...

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Publicado en:Journal of Industrial Ecology Vol. 27; no. 2; pp. 548 - 562
Autores principales: Pesari, Fabio, Lagioia, Giovanni, Paiano, Annarita
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Springer Nature Apr2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        atl: Client‐side energy and GHGs assessment of advertising and tracking in the news websites.
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          Pesari, Fabio
          Lagioia, Giovanni
          Paiano, Annarita
        affil: Department of Economics, Management and Business Law, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Largo Abbazia Santa Scolastica, Bari, Italy
      su:
        Personal computers
        Open source software
        News websites
        Internet servers
        Object tracking (Computer vision)
        Purchasing power parity
        Computer performance
      sug:
        subj:
          Personal computers
          Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing
          Electronic Computer Manufacturing
          Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services
          Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals
          Open source software
          News websites
          Internet servers
          Object tracking (Computer vision)
          Purchasing power parity
          Computer performance
      keyword:
        bottom‐up methodology
        energy consumption
        GHG emissions
        ICT
        industrial ecology
        online advertising
        bottom‐up methodology
        energy consumption
        GHG emissions
        ICT
        industrial ecology
        online advertising
      ab: Electronic devices consume energy both in the production and the use phase. Furthermore, the "hidden" impacts linked to their use are not frequently assessed and they depend on the behavior of the users, besides the servers and complex web networks. It must be underlined that many websites employ ads and trackers as part of their monetization strategy and, in order for online ads and trackers to work, they add an additional code to be executed on the users' machines, which in turn requires more processing power. Considering that the Internet had an estimated 4.9 billion users in 2021, the global energy and carbon impacts of online ads and trackers might be significant. To investigate this phenomenon, we designed a novel automated framework for bottom‐up estimation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions attributable to software using exclusively free and open source software. Our process involved the building of a random sample of global news websites which we visited with and without an ad‐blocker, each time collecting power usage in identical conditions. The gathered data were put into an ordinary least squares (OLS)‐based linear regression model, which showed that ads and trackers on news websites require on average an additional 6.13 W of power on personal computers. This result was then tuned to global environmental and technological parameters to estimate that in 2019, on the client side, ads and trackers on the news websites consumed 0.61 TWh of electrical energy, emitted 0.29 MtCO2eq of GHG, and cost all Internet users approximately 140 million USD (purchasing power parity) of electrical energy. This article met the requirements for a gold‐gold JIE data openness badge described at http://jie.click/badges.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
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      src: R
    language: English
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