Are the folk utilitarian about animals?

Robert Nozick famously raised the possibility that there is a sense in which both deontology and utilitarianism are true: deontology applies to humans while utilitarianism applies to animals. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in such a hybrid views of ethics. Discussions of this No...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Published in:Philosophical Studies Vol. 180; no. 4; pp. 1081 - 1104
Main Authors: Kahane, Guy, Caviola, Lucius
Format: Article
Published: Springer Nature Apr2023
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
fields @attributes:
  recordID: 1
pdfLink:
plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hlh&AN=163334488&site=ehost-live
header:
  @attributes:
    shortDbName: hlh
    uiTerm: 163334488
    longDbName: Humanities International Complete
    uiTag: AN
  controlInfo:
    bkinfo:
    jinfo:
      jid:
        00318116
        4L8
      jtl: Philosophical Studies
      issn: 00318116
      maglogo: N
    pubinfo:
      dt: Apr2023
      vid: 180
      iid: 4
      pid: 237
      pub: Springer Nature
    artinfo:
      ui:
        163334488
        10.1007/s11098-022-01833-2
      ppf: 1081
      ppct: 23
      formats:
        fmt:
          – @attributes:
              type: T
          – @attributes:
              type: P
              size: 1.1MB
      tig:
        atl: Are the folk utilitarian about animals?
      aug:
        au:
          Kahane, Guy
          Caviola, Lucius
        affil:
          Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
          Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, U.S.
      su:
        Utilitarianism
        Nozick, Robert, 1938-2002
        Deontological ethics
        Animal welfare
        Social ethics
      sug:
        subj:
          Utilitarianism
          Nozick, Robert, 1938-2002
          Deontological ethics
          Animal welfare
          Social ethics
      keyword:
        Animal Ethics
        Deontology.
        Hybrid view
        Moral psychology, Robert Nozick
        Moral Status
      ab: Robert Nozick famously raised the possibility that there is a sense in which both deontology and utilitarianism are true: deontology applies to humans while utilitarianism applies to animals. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in such a hybrid views of ethics. Discussions of this Nozickian Hybrid View, and similar approaches to animal ethics, often assume that such an approach reflects the commonsense view, and best captures common moral intuitions. However, recent psychological work challenges this empirical assumption. We review evidence suggesting that the folk is deontological all the way down—it is just that the moral side constraints that protect animals from harm are much weaker than those that protect humans. In fact, it appears that people even attribute some deontological protections, albeit extremely weak ones, to inanimate objects. We call this view Multi-level Weighted Deontology. While such empirical findings cannot show that the Nozickian Hybrid View is false, or that it is unjustified, they do remove its core intuitive support. That support belongs to Multi-level Weighted Deontology, a view that is also in line with the view that Nozick himself seemed to favour. To complicate things, however, we also review evidence that our intuitions about the moral status of humans are, at least in significant part, shaped by factors relating to mere species membership that seem morally irrelevant. We end by considering the potential debunking upshot of such findings about the sources of common moral intuitions about the moral status of animals.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
    refInfo:
    copyright:
      @attributes:
        flag: Y
      custom: Philosophical Studies is a copyright of Springer, 2023. All Rights Reserved.
      item: Philosophical Studies
      holder: Springer Nature
      dt:
        @attributes:
          year: 2023
    holdings:
      @attributes:
        islocal: N