"Ready for the Homeland" in Croatian media: Commemorations, victory, and foundation.
This article analyses the media discourse surrounding the WWII fascist salute Za dom spremni (ZDS) in the aftermath of two national commemorations that took place in Croatia in spring 2020: Jasenovac and Operation Flash (Bljesak). In spring 2020 Zoran Milanović, the newly elected President of Croati...
| Publicado en: | Sign Systems Studies Vol. 51; no. 1; pp. 36 - 73 |
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| Formato: | Artículo |
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University of Tartu
2023
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| Sumario: | This article analyses the media discourse surrounding the WWII fascist salute Za dom spremni (ZDS) in the aftermath of two national commemorations that took place in Croatia in spring 2020: Jasenovac and Operation Flash (Bljesak). In spring 2020 Zoran Milanović, the newly elected President of Croatia, adamantly criticized the presence of the salute, associated with the collaborationist Ustaša regime, at the two commemorations, calling for its removal and ban. This led to heated reactions from war veterans and politicians who considered Milanović's actions unacceptable and offensive towards the memory and legacy of the 1990s war, which triggered a wider debate regarding Croatia's post-war national identity. The object of the analysis is the discourse surrounding the salute as it emerges in opinion pieces published in weekly and daily newspapers in April, May, and June 2020. With the salute becoming an increasingly prominent part of negotiating national identity and tailoring political agendas, investigating how it is justified, disapproved or otherwise challenged in the media is an aspect that deserves more attention. Relying on insights from discourse studies, the article sheds light on various statements that (de)legitimize the salute and consequently particular actors and actions associated with it. With the help of semiotics of culture wider signification tendencies and dominant discourse(s) upon which the national selfdescription has been built are identified. The article contributes to scholarship on hate speech and contested symbols in the post-Yugoslav space and their (mis)uses in societies struggling with traumatic legacies. U radu se analizira medijski diskurs rabljen uz fenomen fašističkog pozdrava Za dom spremni nakon održavanja dviju nacionalnih komemoracija tijekom proljeća 2020. u Hrvatskoj: Jasenovac i Operacija Bljesak. Na proljeće 2020. novoizabrani hrvatski predsjednik Zoran Milanović kritizirao je prisutnost pozdrava na spomenutim komemoracijama zbog povezanosti pozdrava i ustaškog režima koji je bio aktivan tijekom Drugoga svjetskog rata. Milanović je pritom zagovarao uklanjanje i zabranu pozdrava, što je rezultiralo žestokim reakcijama ratnih veterana i političara koji su njegove izjave smatrali neprihvatljivima i uvredljivima prema sjećanju na rat vođen tijekom 1990-ih. Događanja su naposljetku poslužila kao okidač za šire rasprave na temu hrvatskog poslijeratnog nacionalnog identiteta. U fokusu analize jest diskurs oko pozdrava detektiran u medijskim tekstovima objavljenima u travnju, svibnju i lipnju 2020. u tjednim i dnevnim novinama. Budući da je pozdrav sve prisutniji u praksama pregovaranja nacionalnog identiteta i kreiranja političkih agendi, jasniji uvid u mehanizme kojima se opravdava ili osporava u medijima aspekt je koji zaslužuje više pažnje. Oslanjajući se na analizu diskursa, u radu ukazujem na različite artikulacije koje (de)legitimiraju pozdrav, kao i konkretne aktere i djelovanje. Uz pomoć alata semiotike kulture nadalje identificiram šire značenjske prakse i dominantne diskurse koji služe kao temelj kreacije nacionalnog samo-opisa. Rad doprinosi istraživanju govora mržnje i konfliktnih simbola u post-jugoslavenskom kontekstu te njihove (zlo)upotrebe u društvima koja se bore s traumatičnim nasljeđem. Artiklis analüüsitakse meediadiskursust, mis ümbritses II maailmasõja fašistlikku tervitust „Kodumaa eest valmis" (Za dom spremni) pärast kahte Horvaatias 2020. aasta kevadel toimunud riiklikku mälestusüritust, milleks olid Jasenovac ja Operatsioon Bljesak. 2020. aasta kevadel kritiseeris Horvaatia vast valitud president Zoran Milanović reservatsioonideta kollaboratsionistliku Ustaša režiimiga seotud tervituse kasutamist kahel mälestusüritusel, kutsudes üles seda kõrvaldama ning keelustama. See tõi kaasa tormilisi reaktsioone sõjaveteranidelt ning poliitikutelt, kes pidasid Milanovići tegutsemist lubamatuks ning 1990. aastate sõja mälestust ja pärandit solvavaks, mis põhjustas omakorda laiema debati Horvaatia sõjajärgse rahvusliku identiteedi üle. Analüüsiobjektiks on tervitust ümbritsev diskursus, mida kasutatakse 2020. aasta aprillis, mais ja juunis päevaja nädalalehtedes avaldatud arvamuslugudes. Kui tervitusest on saanud rahvusliku identiteedi üle toimuvate kõneluste ning poliitiliste tegevuskavade lihvimise üks olulisimaid osi, muutub uurimine, kuidas seda meedias õigustatakse, hukka mõistetakse või sellele muid väljakutseid esitatakse, üha enam tähelepanu väärivaks. Diskursuseuuringute poolt pakutavale toetudes valgustatakse ariklis mitmesuguseid väiteid, mis (de)legitimeerivad seda tervitust ning järelikult ka konkreetseid sellega seostuvaid tegutsejaid ja tegusid. Kultuurisemiootika abiga tuvastatakse avaramaid tähendustendentse ning domineeriv(aid) diskursus(eid), millele on üles ehitatud rahvuslik enesekirjeldus. Artikkel annab panuse vihakõne ning vaidlusalaste sümbolite uurimisse Jugoslaavia-järgses ruumis ning nende (kuri)tarvitamisesse traumaatiliste päranditega heitlevates ühiskondades. |
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