The Current and Retrospective Cognitive Reserve (2CR) survey and its relationship with cognitive and mood measures.
Cognitive Reserve (CR) is often assessed with surveys spanning demographic, lifestyle, and socio-behavioral variables. The role of both past and current life experiences on CR has, however, rarely been examined. We developed the Current and Retrospective Cognitive Reserve (2CR) survey to assess clas...
| Published in: | European Journal of Ageing Vol. 20; no. 1; pp. 1 - 13 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
| Format: | Article |
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Springer Nature
Mar2023
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| Online Access: | View this record in EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ssf&AN=164315161&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ssf uiTerm: 164315161 longDbName: Social Sciences Full Text (H.W. Wilson) uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: jinfo: jid: 16139372 3RAL jtl: European Journal of Ageing issn: 16139372 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: Mar2023 vid: 20 iid: 1 pid: 237 pub: Springer Nature artinfo: ui: 164315161 10.1007/s10433-023-00766-x ppf: 1 ppct: 12 formats: fmt: – @attributes: type: T – @attributes: type: P size: 864KB tig: atl: The Current and Retrospective Cognitive Reserve (2CR) survey and its relationship with cognitive and mood measures. aug: au: Borella, Erika Ghisletta, Paolo Carbone, Elena Aichele, Stephen affil: Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland UniDistance Suisse, Sierre, Switzerland Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO, USA keyword: Cognitive functioning Cognitive reserve Depression Factor analysis Working memory Cognitive functioning Cognitive reserve Depression Factor analysis Working memory ab: Cognitive Reserve (CR) is often assessed with surveys spanning demographic, lifestyle, and socio-behavioral variables. The role of both past and current life experiences on CR has, however, rarely been examined. We developed the Current and Retrospective Cognitive Reserve (2CR) survey to assess classical CR proxies (socio-economic status, engagement in leisure and social activities) and other dimensions of potential importance (family engagement, religious/spiritual activity) both currently (CRc; in later adulthood) and retrospectively (CRr; as recalled from younger adulthood). We administered the 2CR, measures of general cognitive functioning, working memory (WM), crystallized—vocabulary— and fluid—reasoning—intelligence, and depressive symptoms (DS) to 235 community-dwelling Italian adults (ages 55–90 years). We used exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to examine the 2CR latent structure, and we estimated correlations of its dimensions with cognitive abilities and DS. Analyses confirmed a three-level factor structure with two global CR factors (CRc and CRr) at the top level, dimensional CR factors (socio-economic status, family engagement, leisure activity, social engagement, and religious/spiritual activity) at mid-level and observed items at the lowest level. Item-factor representations partially differed across CRc and CRr. Both CRc and CRr were positively correlated with measures of intelligence, WM and DS, but associations of measures of intelligence were stronger for CRr, whereas associations of WM and DS were slightly stronger for CRc. The 2CR can be considered a reliable survey for assessing CR proxies within a multidimensional, “life stage-dependent” framework insofar as CRc are CRr closely related but also differently associated with intelligence, WM, and DS. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: Article src: R language: English refInfo: copyright: @attributes: flag: N holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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