Listener- Versus Speaker-Oriented Disfluencies in Autistic Adults: Insights From Wearable Eye-Tracking and Skin Conductance Within a Live Face-to-Face Paradigm.
Purpose: Our study addresses three main questions: (a) Do autistics and neurotypicals produce different patterns of disfluencies, depending on the experimenter's direct versus averted gaze? (b) Are these patterns correlated to gender, skin conductance responses, fixations on the experimenter's face,...
| Publicado en: | Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research Vol. 66; no. 8; pp. 2562 - 2581 |
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| Autores principales: | , |
| Formato: | Artículo |
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American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
Aug2023
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ssf&AN=169774221&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ssf uiTerm: 169774221 longDbName: Social Sciences Full Text (H.W. Wilson) uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: jinfo: jid: 10924388 1SM jtl: Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research issn: 10924388 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: Aug2023 vid: 66 iid: 8 pid: 42 pub: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association artinfo: ui: 169774221 10.1044/2023_JSLHR-23-00002 ppf: 2562 ppct: 19 formats: fmt: @attributes: type: P size: 1.5MB tig: atl: Listener- Versus Speaker-Oriented Disfluencies in Autistic Adults: Insights From Wearable Eye-Tracking and Skin Conductance Within a Live Face-to-Face Paradigm. aug: au: Clin, Elise Kissine, Mikhail affil: ACTE, LaDisco and ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. su: Laughter Facial expression Task performance Sex distribution Social anxiety Autism Attention Social skills Speech Psychological stress Stuttering Experimental design Statistics Eye movements Multiple regression analysis Wearable technology Skin physiology Face Neural development Neuropsychological tests Alexithymia Electric stimulation Chi-squared test Listening Data analysis Data analysis software sug: subj: Laughter Facial expression Task performance Sex distribution Social anxiety Autism Attention Social skills Speech Psychological stress Stuttering Experimental design Statistics Eye movements Multiple regression analysis Wearable technology Skin physiology Face Neural development Neuropsychological tests Alexithymia Electric stimulation Chi-squared test Listening Data analysis Data analysis software ab: Purpose: Our study addresses three main questions: (a) Do autistics and neurotypicals produce different patterns of disfluencies, depending on the experimenter's direct versus averted gaze? (b) Are these patterns correlated to gender, skin conductance responses, fixations on the experimenter's face, alexithymia, or social anxiety scores? Lastly, (c) can eye-tracking and electrodermal activity data be used in distinguishing listener- versus speaker-oriented disfluencies? Method: Within a live face-to-face paradigm combining a wearable eye-tracker with electrodermal activity sensors, 80 adults (40 autistics, 40 neurotypicals) defined words in front of an experimenter who was either staring at their eyes (direct gaze condition) or looking elsewhere (averted gaze condition). Results: Autistics produce less listener-oriented (uh, um) and more speaker-oriented (prolongations, breath) disfluencies than neurotypicals. In both groups, men produce less um than women. Both autistics' and neurotypicals' speech are influenced by whether their interlocutor systematically looks at them in the eyes or not, but their reactions go in opposite directions. Disfluencies seem to primarily be linguistic phenomena as experienced stress, social attention, alexithymia, and social anxiety scores do not influence any of the reported results. Finally, eye-tracking and electrodermal activity data suggest that laughter could be a listener-oriented disfluency. Conclusions: This article studies disfluencies in a fine-grained way in autistic and neurotypical adults while controlling for social attention, experienced stress, and experimental condition (direct vs. averted gaze). It adds to current literature by (a) enlightening our knowledge of speech in autism, (b) opening new perspectives on disfluency patterns as important signals in social interaction, (c) addressing theoretical issues on the dichotomy between listener- and speaker-oriented disfluencies, and (d) considering understudied phenomena as potential disfluencies (e.g., laughter, breath). pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: Article src: R language: English refInfo: copyright: @attributes: flag: N holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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