Study on the spatial regularity of rammed pits of the Ming Great Wall using 3D scanning technique and Random Forest algorithm.
• The spatial features of rammed pits of the Ming Great Wall were explored. • The representative micro slopes with true rammed pit morphology were found by RF. • The shapes and distribution of rammed pits show more regularity than randomness. • The regularity of rammed pits is derived from the stand...
| Publicado en: | Journal of Cultural Heritage Vol. 62; pp. 230 - 242 |
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| Autores principales: | , , |
| Formato: | Artículo |
| Publicado: |
Elsevier B.V.
Jul2023
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hlh&AN=169854157&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: hlh uiTerm: 169854157 longDbName: Humanities International Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: jinfo: jid: 12962074 KK8 jtl: Journal of Cultural Heritage issn: 12962074 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: Jul2023 vid: 62 pid: 467 pub: Elsevier B.V. artinfo: ui: 169854157 10.1016/j.culher.2023.05.033 ppf: 230 ppct: 12 formats: tig: atl: Study on the spatial regularity of rammed pits of the Ming Great Wall using 3D scanning technique and Random Forest algorithm. aug: au: Zhang, Shuai Chen, Wenwu Guo, Zhiqian affil: College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China Institute of Archaeology and Museology, School of History and Culture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China su: Random forest algorithms Geometric shapes Ming dynasty, China, 1368-1644 Rough surfaces Quadratic equations China sug: subj: China Random forest algorithms Geometric shapes Ming dynasty, China, 1368-1644 Rough surfaces Quadratic equations keyword: 3D scanning Earthen heritage site Machine learning Surface morphology The Great Wall ab: • The spatial features of rammed pits of the Ming Great Wall were explored. • The representative micro slopes with true rammed pit morphology were found by RF. • The shapes and distribution of rammed pits show more regularity than randomness. • The regularity of rammed pits is derived from the standardized ramming technique. • The rounded heads and rough surfaces of rammers are reflected by rammed pit shapes. In Northwestern China, the Ming Great Wall generally involves multiple layers of rammed earth, and rammed pits with regular spatial characteristics are always distributed on the horizontal interfaces between rammed layers. Obviously, the spatial regularity of rammed pits cannot only reflect the level of ramming technique in the Ming dynasty, but also control the geotechnical properties of rammed layer interfaces (RLIs). Hence, in the present study, one typical RLI with visible rammed pits was obtained from the Ming Great Wall in Yongchang County, Northwestern China, and the corresponding point cloud data were collected by 3D scanning technique. Then, this RLI was reconstructed using numerous micro slopes in ArcGIS, and the distribution maps of micro-slope heights, angles, plan curvatures and profile curvatures were produced as well. Based on these distribution maps and Random Forest (RF) algorithm, those micro slopes which can reflect the true rammed pit morphology (called the representative micro slopes) were identified, and ten zones where the representative micro slopes concentrate were selected as effective analysis domains. Furthermore, within effective analysis domains, the contour lines were generated to show the outline features of rammed pits, and the values of micro-slope heights, angles, plan curvatures and profile curvatures were statistically analyzed to reveal the surface features of rammed pits. Moreover, the distribution features of rammed pits were exhibited by their centroid positions, which can be calculated by the corresponding contour line shapes. Ultimately, this study indicates that rammed pits of the Ming Great Wall show more regularity than randomness in terms of geometric shapes and spatial distribution. Concretely, the outlines of most rammed pits approximate the circular or elliptical shapes. All the rammed pit surfaces are rough rather than smooth, and most of them can be mathematically expressed by quadratic polynomial equations. As for the distribution features, rammed pits are overall distributed in the triangular shapes, and distances between the equivalent centroids of adjacent rammed pits range from 8.95 cm to 17.86 cm. These findings prove that standardized ramming technique was applied in the Ming dynasty, resulting in high-quality construction of the Great Wall. Meanwhile, the rammers used to compact earthen materials possess rounded heads. However, the imperfect polishing of rammers and the inevitable operational errors could also lead to slight spatial randomness of rammed pits. [Display omitted] pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: Article src: R language: English refInfo: copyright: @attributes: flag: Y dt: @attributes: year: 2023 holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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