Are Children Performing Better on the Digit Span Backward Task Than the Digit Span Forward Task? An Exploratory Analysis.

Purpose: This research note was motivated by community speech-language pathologists (SLPs) who have expressed concerns about how to interpret the unexpected observation of higher performance on the Digit Span Backward task than the Digit Span Forward task on the Test of Integrated Language and Liter...

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Publicado en:American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology Vol. 32; no. 5; pp. 2311 - 2322
Autores principales: Pham, Theresa, Archibald, Lisa M. D.
Formato: research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Sep2023
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Sep2023
      vid: 32
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      pub: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
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        10.1044/2023_AJSLP-22-00394
        171907608
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        atl: Are Children Performing Better on the Digit Span Backward Task Than the Digit Span Forward Task? An Exploratory Analysis.
      aug:
        au:
          Pham, Theresa
          Archibald, Lisa M. D.
        affil: School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
      sug:
        subj:
          Memory, Short Term Evaluation
          Task Performance and Analysis Methods
          Psychometrics Methods
          Human
          Child
          Adolescence
          United States
          Descriptive Statistics
          Data Analysis Software
          Exploratory Research
          Cognition
          Memory
          Memory and Learning Tests
          Speech-Language Pathologist Attitudes
          Child: 6-12 years
          Adolescent: 13-18 years
      ab: Purpose: This research note was motivated by community speech-language pathologists (SLPs) who have expressed concerns about how to interpret the unexpected observation of higher performance on the Digit Span Backward task than the Digit Span Forward task on the Test of Integrated Language and Literacy Skills (TILLS). We therefore conducted an exploratory analysis to examine the pattern of digit span performance in children to help clinicians interpret their findings. Method: We investigated performance on the Digit Span Forward and Digit Span Backward subtests using the TILLS normative sample (N = 1,262). Raw scores, standard scores, and percentile ranks were systematically compared. In addition, we were able to estimate span length (longest number of items that can be accurately recalled) for 69 participants and evaluated the relation between performance and span length. Results: Our exploratory analyses revealed that "better" performance on the backward than forward task was rare. Instead, the pattern that SLPs are reporting can be explained by three factors: (a) a statistical phenomenon exacerbating small differences, (b) comparing standard scores or percentile ranks instead of raw scores or span length, and (c) better backward scores can still mean longer forward span length. Conclusions: It is likely that community SLPs tended to report cases of better backward than forward recall because it is the more remarkable and interesting finding, leading to the perception that the pattern is common, when it is not. Overall, we caution clinicians against overinterpreting their own client's performance on the digit span tests.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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