Early Precursors of Reading Development in Simultaneous Bilinguals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: Literacy precursors are cognitive, linguistic, and oral-language skills that predict future reading skills in children as young as 4 years. Speech-language pathologists and educators utilize these precursors as assessment tools to identify children at risk for reading difficulties. Most cur...

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Publicado en:Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups Vol. 8; no. 5; pp. 1103 - 1121
Autores principales: Bhalloo, Insiya, Molnara, Monika
Formato: meta analysis research systematic review tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Oct2023
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Oct2023
      vid: 8
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      pub: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
      place: Rockville, Maryland
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        10.1044/2023_PERSP-23-00041
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        atl: Early Precursors of Reading Development in Simultaneous Bilinguals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
      aug:
        au:
          Bhalloo, Insiya
          Molnara, Monika
        affil: Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
      sug:
        subj:
          Reading In Infancy and Childhood
          Multilingualism
          Speech-Language Pathologists
          Cognition
          Skill Acquisition
          Human
          Male
          Female
          Child, Preschool
          Child
          Systematic Review
          Meta Analysis
          Psycinfo
          Gray Literature
          Canada
          Child, Preschool: 2-5 years
          Child: 6-12 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Purpose: Literacy precursors are cognitive, linguistic, and oral-language skills that predict future reading skills in children as young as 4 years. Speech-language pathologists and educators utilize these precursors as assessment tools to identify children at risk for reading difficulties. Most current tools are developed based on monolinguals (predominantly in English), despite the significant percentage of bilinguals globally. As such, bilingual children are typically assessed on tools developed for monolinguals in research and clinical settings. Despite this common practice, there is a lack of comprehensive synthesis on whether these precursors are a reliable indicator of reading skills in bilingual children. Our article examines whether literacy precursors commonly used with monolinguals are associated with reading development in simultaneous bilinguals. Method: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and Cochrane guidelines, our review includes four databases (Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts, Educational Resources Information Center, Modern Language Association, and PsycINFO), in addition to gray-literature and manual reference-list searches. To control for age of acquisition and language dominance variability, we included typically developing simultaneous bilinguals exposed to both languages before age 3 years (N = 5,942). We analyzed reported statistical associations between code-related or oral-language precursors and reading outcome measures, using correlational meta-analyses. Results: The 41 reports, which met inclusion/exclusion criteria, were published between 1977 and 2022. The average age at assessment was 7;5 (years; months; range: 3;0-11;0), with children speaking over 21 bilingual language combinations. Our meta-analysis demonstrated significant within-language correlations and cross-language transfer effects for code-related (e.g., phonological awareness) and oral-language (e.g., vocabulary and morphological awareness) precursors. Semantic awareness, however, was not a reliable predictor in bilinguals. Conclusions: Phonological awareness and vocabulary measures--even if originally developed for monolingual children--can form a meaningful component of early literacy assessment in simultaneous bilingual children: These precursors may be used as assessment tools across heritage and societal languages in research and clinical practice. Future research suggestions within this domain are also discussed. Supplemental Material: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23880465
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        meta analysis
        research
        systematic review
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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