Previous beliefs affect Bayesian reasoning in conditions fostering gist comprehension.

It has been shown that Bayesian reasoning is affected by the believability of the data, but it is unknown which conditions could potentiate or reduce such belief effect. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the belief effect would mainly be observed in conditions fostering a gist comprehension of the...

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Publicado en:Memory & Cognition Vol. 51; no. 8; pp. 1819 - 1836
Autores principales: Tubau, Elisabet, Colomé, Àngels, Rodríguez-Ferreiro, Javier
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Springer Nature Nov2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Nov2023
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      pub: Springer Nature
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        10.3758/s13421-023-01435-1
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        atl: Previous beliefs affect Bayesian reasoning in conditions fostering gist comprehension.
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        au:
          Tubau, Elisabet
          Colomé, Àngels
          Rodríguez-Ferreiro, Javier
        affil: https://ror.org/021018s57 Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology Institute of Neurosciences University of Barcelona, O8035, Pg Vall d'Hebron, 171, Barcelona, Spain
      su:
        Culture
        Memory
        Cognition
        Task performance
        Mathematics
        Research funding
        Prediction models
        Probability theory
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        subj:
          Culture
          Memory
          Cognition
          Task performance
          Mathematics
          Research funding
          Prediction models
          Probability theory
      keyword:
        Bayesian reasoning
        Belief effect
        Gist comprehension
        Nonnumerical probability estimates
        Presentation format
        Bayesian reasoning
        Belief effect
        Gist comprehension
        Nonnumerical probability estimates
        Presentation format
      ab: It has been shown that Bayesian reasoning is affected by the believability of the data, but it is unknown which conditions could potentiate or reduce such belief effect. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the belief effect would mainly be observed in conditions fostering a gist comprehension of the data. Accordingly, we expected to observe a significant belief effect in iconic rather than in textual presentations and, in general, when nonnumerical estimates were requested. The results of three studies showed more accurate Bayesian estimates, either expressed numerically or nonnumerically, for icons than for text descriptions of natural frequencies. Moreover, in line with our expectations, nonnumerical estimates were, in general, more accurate for believable rather than for unbelievable scenarios. In contrast, the belief effect on the accuracy of the numerical estimates depended on the format and on the complexity of the calculation. The present findings also showed that single-event posterior probability estimates based on described frequencies were more accurate when expressed nonnumerically rather than numerically, opening new avenues for the development of interventions to improve Bayesian reasoning.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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