Energetic and Cognitive Demands of Treading Water: Effects of Technique and Expertise.

Being able to tread water effectively can improve the likelihood of survival following accidental immersion. People tread water in various ways, ranging from rudimentary 'doggy-paddle' to more elaborate techniques like the eggbeater, but little is known about the energetic and cognitive requirements...

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Publicado en:Journal of Sports Science & Medicine Vol. 22; no. 4; pp. 726 - 739
Autores principales: van Duijn, Tina, Button, Chris, Cotter, James D., Masters, Rich S. W.
Formato: research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Hakan Gur, Journal of Sports Science & Medicine Dec2023
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Dec2023
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      pub: Hakan Gur, Journal of Sports Science & Medicine
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        10.52082/jssm.2023.726
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        atl: Energetic and Cognitive Demands of Treading Water: Effects of Technique and Expertise.
      aug:
        au:
          van Duijn, Tina
          Button, Chris
          Cotter, James D.
          Masters, Rich S. W.
        affil: School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
      sug:
        subj:
          Swimming Physiology
          Cognition
          Athletic Performance Evaluation
          Energy Metabolism Evaluation
          Human
          Male
          Female
          Adult
          Aquatic Sports Classification
          Oxygen Consumption
          Drowning Prevention and Control
          Safety
          Prospective Studies
          Comparative Studies
          Task Performance and Analysis Evaluation
          Funding Source
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Being able to tread water effectively can improve the likelihood of survival following accidental immersion. People tread water in various ways, ranging from rudimentary 'doggy-paddle' to more elaborate techniques like the eggbeater, but little is known about the energetic and cognitive requirements of treading water. We therefore aimed to measure the demands of treading water techniques for people of different experience levels. Three cohorts, comprising 21 adult water treading experts (water polo players), 15 intermediate swimmers and 16 inexperienced swimmers, treaded water for 3 min each using four different techniques while cognitive and energetic economy measures were taken. For inexperienced swimmers, the flutter kick and breaststroke patterns produced the lowest self-reported physical and task load (rating of perceived exertion, NASA task load index), while cognitive (probe reaction time), cardiac (heart rate) and metabolic (oxygen consumption) load did not differ between techniques. In contrast, for expert water treaders, both breaststroke and eggbeater patterns produced lower cognitive, cardiac and metabolic loads. For intermediate swimmers, breaststroke resulted in the lowest cardiac and metabolic loads, as well as self-reported task load. Probe reaction time was highest while performing the eggbeater technique, indicating that this technique was challenging to coordinate and cognitively demanding. While the energetic demands of antiphase kicking patterns (such as eggbeater in experts or flutter kick in beginners) may be similarly low, the symmetric coordination of upright breaststroke may explain why this pattern's cognitive economy was favourable for all groups. As the eggbeater can be challenging to perform for many people, an upright breaststroke technique is an adequate alternative to adopt in survival situations.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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