Neural Correlates of Balance Skill Learning in Young and Older Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Background: Despite the increasing number of research studies examining the effects of age on the control of posture, the number of annual fall-related injuries and deaths continues to increase. A better understanding of how old age affects the neural mechanisms of postural control and how counterme...
| Publicado en: | Sports Medicine - Open Vol. 10; no. 1; pp. 1 - 31 |
|---|---|
| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
| Formato: | research systematic review tables/charts Journal Article |
| Publicado: |
Springer Nature
1/7/2024
|
| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=174643691&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 174643691 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 21991170 HLUO jtl: Sports Medicine - Open issn: 21991170 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: 1/7/2024 vid: 10 iid: 1 pid: 237 pub: Springer Nature place: New York, New York artinfo: ui: 174643691 174643691 174643691 10.1186/s40798-023-00668-3 174643691 ppf: 1 ppct: 30 formats: tig: atl: Neural Correlates of Balance Skill Learning in Young and Older Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. aug: au: Bakker, Lisanne B. M. Lamoth, Claudine J. C. Vetrovsky, Tomas Gruber, Markus Caljouw, Simone R. Nieboer, Ward Taube, Wolfgang van Dieën, Jaap H. Granacher, Urs Hortobágyi, Tibor affil: Department of Human Movement Sciences, Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands sug: subj: Balance, Postural Skill Acquisition In Old Age Motor Skills Skill Acquisition In Adulthood Standing Walking Age Factors Task Performance and Analysis Human Systematic Review Meta Analysis Male Female Young Adult Adult PubMed Cochrane Library Descriptive Statistics Aged Data Analysis Software Regression Scales Funding Source Adult: 19-44 years Aged: 65+ years Male Female ab: Background: Despite the increasing number of research studies examining the effects of age on the control of posture, the number of annual fall-related injuries and deaths continues to increase. A better understanding of how old age affects the neural mechanisms of postural control and how countermeasures such as balance training could improve the neural control of posture to reduce falls in older individuals is therefore necessary. The aim of this review is to determine the effects of age on the neural correlates of balance skill learning measured during static (standing) and dynamic (walking) balance tasks in healthy individuals. Methods: We determined the effects of acute (1–3 sessions) and chronic (> 3 sessions) balance skill training on balance in the trained and in untrained, transfer balance tasks through a systematic review and quantified these effects by robust variance estimation meta-analysis in combination with meta-regression. We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. Balance performance and neural plasticity outcomes were extracted and included in the systematic synthesis and meta-analysis. Results: Forty-two studies (n = 622 young, n = 699 older individuals) were included in the systematic synthesis. Seventeen studies with 508 in-analysis participants were eligible for a meta-analysis. The overall analysis revealed that acute and chronic balance training had a large effect on the neural correlates of balance skill learning in the two age groups combined (g = 0.79, p < 0.01). Both age groups similarly improved balance skill performance in 1–3 training sessions and showed little further improvements with additional sessions. Improvements in balance performance mainly occurred in the trained and less so in the non-trained (i.e., transfer) balance tasks. The systematic synthesis and meta-analysis suggested little correspondence between improved balance skills and changes in spinal, cortical, and corticospinal excitability measures in the two age groups and between the time courses of changes in balance skills and neural correlates. Conclusions: Balance skill learning and the accompanying neural adaptations occur rapidly and independently of age with little to no training dose-dependence or correspondence between behavioral and neural adaptations. Of the five types of neural correlates examined, changes in only spinal excitability seemed to differ between age groups. However, age or training dose in terms of duration did not moderate the effects of balance training on the changes in any of the neural correlates. The behavioral and neural mechanisms of strong task-specificity and the time course of skill retention remain unclear and require further studies in young and older individuals. Registration: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022349573. Key Points: We examined the effects of balance training on balance performance, and its neural correlates in healthy younger (n = 21 studies) and older individuals (n = 18 studies) Balance training improves the trained balance skill rapidly, i.e., 30–40 min Balance training improves the non-trained balance skills (i.e., transfer tasks) much less or not at all Balance training improves neural measures independently of age and training dose Age and training duration do not moderate the training-induced changes in the neural correlates of balance learning There is little-to-no temporal correspondence between improvements in balance skills and the neural correlates examined pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: meta analysis research systematic review tables/charts Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
|---|