Post-operative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis: A meta-review on systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Introduction: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are common complications in surgical patients undergoing general anesthesia, and multiple strategies have been suggested to prevent them. Objective: To describe the available evidence on the effectiveness of pharmacological and nonpharmacologica...

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Publicado en:Colombian Journal of Anesthesiology / Revista Colombiana de Anestesiología Vol. 51; no. 4; pp. 1 - 18
Autores principales: Octavio Ruiz-Villa, Joaquín, Felipe Echeverri-Cataño, Luis, Camilo Tocora-Rodríguez, Juan
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiologia y Reanimacion Oct-Dec2023
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Oct-Dec2023
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      pub: Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiologia y Reanimacion
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        10.5554/22562087.e1086
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        atl: Post-operative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis: A meta-review on systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
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          Octavio Ruiz-Villa, Joaquín
          Felipe Echeverri-Cataño, Luis
          Camilo Tocora-Rodríguez, Juan
        affil:
          Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas. Pereira, Colombia
          Biomedicine Research Group, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas. Pereira, Colombia
          Epidemiology Postgraduate Program, School of Health and Sports Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina. Bogotá, Colombia
      su:
        Postoperative nausea & vomiting
        Surgery
        General anesthesia
        Preventive medicine
        Surgical complications
        Acoustic stimulation
        Data extraction
      sug:
        subj:
          Postoperative nausea & vomiting
          Surgery
          General anesthesia
          Preventive medicine
          Surgical complications
          Acoustic stimulation
          Data extraction
      keyword:
        Anesthesia
        Anesthesiology
        Antiemetics
        general
        Meta-analysis
        Postoperative care
        Postoperative nausea and vomiting
        Systematic review
        Anestesia general
        Anestesiología
        Antieméticos
        Cuidados posoperatorios
        Metaanálisis
        Náusea y vómito posoperatorios
        Revisión sistemática
      ab:
        Introduction: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are common complications in surgical patients undergoing general anesthesia, and multiple strategies have been suggested to prevent them. Objective: To describe the available evidence on the effectiveness of pharmacological and nonpharmacological strategies for preventing PONV in adults undergoing surgery under general anesthesia, as reported in previous meta-analyses and systematic reviews. Methodology: An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses was conducted. Searches were performed in PubMed, EBSCO, EMBASE, Cochrane Database, Science Direct, and Scopus, without restrictions as to gender, clinical condition, or date of publication, including articles in Spanish, French, and English only. Two reviewers independently and in duplicate did the screening, data extraction, quality evaluation, and risk of bias assessment according to AMSTAR-2. The PRISMA and PRIOR statements were followed for reporting. PROSPERO registration number CRD42021251999. Results: Out of 80 candidate articles, three were viable for meta-analysis. 1.5 mg to 18 mg doses of Dexamethasone showed a significant reduction in the risk of PONV, with a RR of 0.48 (95 % CI 0.41-0.57; p<0.001), I2=63 % (p=0.07), and a NNTc of 5 and 7. Other effective strategies included the use of acoustic stimulation/acupuncture/acupressure, 5HT3 antagonists, NK1 antagonists, gabapentinoids, haloperidol, droperidol, metoclopramide, midazolam, mirtazapine, among others. The risk of publication bias was low. Conclusion: Different strategies are effective for PONV prophylaxis in surgeries under general anesthesia. Dexamethasone shows the best available evidence at the moment. The documented methodological quality suggests the need for better studies to establish the effectiveness of the strategies.
        Introducción: Las náuseas y el vómito posoperatorios (NVPO) son comunes en pacientes quirúrgicos bajo anestesia general y se han planteado múltiples estrategias para prevenirlos. Objetivo: Describir la evidencia disponible sobre la efectividad de las estrategias farmacológicas y no farmacológicas para prevenir las NVPO en adultos sometidos a cirugía bajo anestesia general, según lo descrito en metaanálisis y revisiones sistemáticas previas. Metodología: Se realizó una metarrevisión de revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis. Se ejecutaron búsquedas en PubMed, EBSCO, Embase, Cochrane Database, ScienceDirect y Scopus, sin restricción por sexo, condición clínica ni fecha de publicación, solo de artículos en español, francés e inglés. Dos revisores llevaron a cabo tamizaje, extracción de datos, evaluación de calidad y riesgo de sesgo según AMSTAR-2, de manera independiente y en duplicado. Se siguieron las declaraciones PRISMA y PRIOR para el reporte, previo registro en Prospero CRD42021251999. Resultados: De 80 artículos candidatos, se seleccionaron tres viables para realización de metaanálisis. La dexametasona entre 1,5 mg y 18 mg mostró un RR=0,48 (IC95 % [0,41-0,57]; p<0,001), I2=63 % (p=0,07) y un NNTc 5 y 7. Otras estrategias efectivas incluyen el uso de acuestimulación/acupuntura/acupresión, antagonistas 5HT3, antagonistas NK1, gabapentinoides, haloperidol, droperidol, metoclopramida, midazolam, mirtazapina, entre otras. El riesgo de sesgo de las publicaciones fue bajo. Conclusión: Diferentes estrategias son efectivas para profilaxis NVPO en cirugías con anestesia general. Dexametasona presenta la mejor evidencia disponible al momento. La calidad metodológica documentada sugiere la necesidad de realizar mejores trabajos para determinar la efectividad de las estrategias.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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