Designing Educational and Home Computers in State Socialism: The Polish and Czechoslovak Experience.

This article investigates the design of two comparable microcomputers that were built under state socialism in neighboring countries: Poland (Elwro Junior) and Czechoslovakia (Didaktik Gama). Both computers were "clones" of the highly popular British ZX Spectrum computer. In our article, we discuss...

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Publicado en:Journal of Design History Vol. 36; no. 4; pp. 377 - 394
Autores principales: Wasiak, Patryk, Švelch, Jaroslav
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Oxford University Press / USA Dec2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        atl: Designing Educational and Home Computers in State Socialism: The Polish and Czechoslovak Experience.
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        au:
          Wasiak, Patryk
          Švelch, Jaroslav
        affil:
          Adjunct Professor Institute of History, Polish Academy of Sciences , Rynek Starego Miasta 29/31, 00-272 Warsaw , Poland
          Assistant Professor Department of Media Studies, Charles University , Smetanovo nábřeží 6, Prague 11000 , Czechia
      su:
        Computer engineering
        Personal computers
        Design science
        Computer users
        Domestic architecture
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          Computer engineering
          Personal computers
          Design science
          Computer users
          Domestic architecture
      keyword:
        communism
        computer design
        computers
        technology
        user culture
      ab: This article investigates the design of two comparable microcomputers that were built under state socialism in neighboring countries: Poland (Elwro Junior) and Czechoslovakia (Didaktik Gama). Both computers were "clones" of the highly popular British ZX Spectrum computer. In our article, we discuss the decisions that informed the design of the local "clones" of the British computer, and how both endeavors were supposed to solve specific problems identified by the communities involved in their design. We argue that different configurations of power—in which the actors that took part in the design of both computers were embedded—were the primary reason why these similar products, the ZX Spectrum clones, were "scripted" in a substantially different manner. The Junior was designed as an "educational computer" envisaged as an aid to schooling, while the Gama was a more flexible "home computer." Our investigation focuses on how their designers projected, or "scripted," possible forms of computer use, and who they imagined would be the users of these machines. We also compare both computers with the high-profile One Laptop Per Child project to demonstrate the wider relevance of our study and the usefulness of our investigative toolset to the intersection of design studies and science and technology studies.
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      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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