Technical-tactical behavior analysis of general duty police officers during non-compliant suspect apprehensions: A novel approach to establish minimum force requirements.

BACKGROUND: While effective apprehensions of non-compliant suspects are central to public safety, the minimal force needed to transition a suspect from standing to the ground, vital for apprehension success, has not been established. OBJECTIVE: To examine the technical-tactical behaviors of general...

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Publicado en:Work Vol. 77; no. 4; pp. 1341 - 1358
Autores principales: Poirier, Martin P., Blacklock, Rachel, Cao, Michael, Théoret, Daniel, Frei, Leslie, Gagnon, Patrick
Formato: pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Sage Publications Inc. 2024
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        atl: Technical-tactical behavior analysis of general duty police officers during non-compliant suspect apprehensions: A novel approach to establish minimum force requirements.
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        au:
          Poirier, Martin P.
          Blacklock, Rachel
          Cao, Michael
          Théoret, Daniel
          Frei, Leslie
          Gagnon, Patrick
        affil: Human Performance Research and Development, Directorate of Fitness, Canadian Forces Morale and Welfare Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada
      sug:
        subj:
          Police Psychosocial Factors
          Physical Performance Evaluation
          Task Performance and Analysis Evaluation
          Simulations Utilization
          Muscle Strength Evaluation
          Biomechanics Evaluation
          Restraint, Physical Methods
          Public Offenders
          Human
          Male
          Occupational Health
          Physical Fitness
          Resistance Training
          Job Performance Evaluation
          Pull
          Criminal Justice
          Push
          Posture
          Squatting
          Kneeling
          Bending
          Balance, Postural
          Wrist
          Forearm
          Shoulder
          Back
          Funding Source
          Male
      ab: BACKGROUND: While effective apprehensions of non-compliant suspects are central to public safety, the minimal force needed to transition a suspect from standing to the ground, vital for apprehension success, has not been established. OBJECTIVE: To examine the technical-tactical behaviors of general duty police officers during simulated apprehensions and quantify the minimum force required to destabilize non-compliant suspects. METHODS: Task simulations conducted with 91 officers were analyzed to identify common grappling movements, strikes, control tactics, and changes in body posture. A separate assessment of 55 male officers aimed to determine the minimum force required for destabilization in five body regions (wrist, forearm, shoulder, mid-chest, and mid-back). Data are presented as mean±standard deviation. RESULTS: On average, apprehensions took 7.3±3.2 seconds. While all officers used grappling movements (100%) and the majority employed control tactics (75%), strikes were seldom used (4%). Apprehensions typically began with a two-handed pull (97%; Contact Phase), 55% then attempted an arm bar takedown, followed by a two-handed cross-body pull (68%; Transition/Control Phase), and a two-handed push to the ground (19%; Ground Phase). All officers began in the upright posture, with most shifting to squat (75%), kneel (58%), or bent (45%) postures to complete the apprehension. The minimum force required to disrupt balance differed across body regions (wrist: 54±12 kg; forearm: 49±12 kg; shoulder: 42±10 kg; mid-chest: 44±11 kg; mid-back: 30±7 kg, all P < 0.05), except between the shoulder and chest (P = 0.19). CONCLUSION: These findings provide insights that can enhance the design and accuracy of future apprehension evaluations and inform the optimization of law enforcement physical employment standards.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        pictorial
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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