Brom Bones Meets the Count de Buffon: Race, Biopower, and Natural History in 'The Legend of Sleepy Hollow'.

In Washington Irving's short story 'The Legend of Sleepy Hollow', animals are everywhere and almost seem interchangeable with humans. Nevertheless, the story's pervasive animal imagery has received scant critical attention. In this paper, I consider the blurring human/animal binary in the story as a...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Published in:Comparative American Studies Vol. 21; no. 1/2; pp. 70 - 85
Main Author: Campbell, Theo Joy
Format: Article
Published: Taylor & Francis Ltd Mar-Jun2024
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
fields @attributes:
  recordID: 1
pdfLink:
plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hlh&AN=176934608&site=ehost-live
header:
  @attributes:
    shortDbName: hlh
    uiTerm: 176934608
    longDbName: Humanities International Complete
    uiTag: AN
  controlInfo:
    bkinfo:
    jinfo:
      jid:
        14775700
        VA2
      jtl: Comparative American Studies
      issn: 14775700
      maglogo: N
    pubinfo:
      dt: Mar-Jun2024
      vid: 21
      iid: 1/2
      pid: 377
      pub: Taylor & Francis Ltd
    artinfo:
      ui:
        176934608
        10.1080/14775700.2023.2282239
      ppf: 70
      ppct: 15
      formats:
        fmt:
          – @attributes:
              type: T
          – @attributes:
              type: P
              size: 357KB
      tig:
        atl: Brom Bones Meets the Count de Buffon: Race, Biopower, and Natural History in 'The Legend of Sleepy Hollow'.
      aug:
        au: Campbell, Theo Joy
        affil: Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA
      su:
        Irving, Washington, 1783-1859
        Natural history
        Animal stories
        Metaphor
      sug:
        subj:
          Irving, Washington, 1783-1859
          Natural history
          Animal stories
          Metaphor
      keyword:
        animal studies
        biopower
        early America
        Washington Irving
        whiteness studies
      ab: In Washington Irving's short story 'The Legend of Sleepy Hollow', animals are everywhere and almost seem interchangeable with humans. Nevertheless, the story's pervasive animal imagery has received scant critical attention. In this paper, I consider the blurring human/animal binary in the story as a proxy for blurred lines between different 'races' of humans coexisting in Early America. Washington Irving uses his satirical Dutch narrator Dietrich Knickerbocker's engagement with the Count de Buffon's Natural History to question categorization based on the interrelated concepts of species and race, which were becoming important in an increasingly biopolitical early United States. I place Irving's engagement with natural history in context before considering the 'racial' tension between the Dutch and the Yankees that Knickerbocker constructs in 'Sleepy Hollow'. Irving marks this tension as satire in part through Knickerbocker's deployment of bears and lions, two animal metaphors with special significance in Buffonian natural history. Close attention to the implications of these metaphors complicates our understanding of Brom Bones, a central but understudied character. I also discuss how this satirical use of race could deepen our understanding of 'Sleepy Hollow's' actual racialized characters. Focusing on the animals in 'Sleepy Hollow' reveals Irving's critique of using science to categorize humans into distinct racial groupings for political convenience and complicates our understanding of how early Americans grappled with the interplay between shifting scientific and political paradigms.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
    refInfo:
    copyright:
      @attributes:
        flag: Y
      custom: Copyright of Comparative American Studies is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use.
      item: Comparative American Studies
      holder: Taylor & Francis Ltd
      dt:
        @attributes:
          year: 2024
    holdings:
      @attributes:
        islocal: N