A paradigm shift?—On the ethics of medical large language models.

After a wave of breakthroughs in image‐based medical diagnostics and risk prediction models, machine learning (ML) has turned into a normal science. However, prominent researchers are claiming that another paradigm shift in medical ML is imminent—due to most recent staggering successes of large lang...

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Published in:Bioethics Vol. 38; no. 5; pp. 383 - 391
Main Authors: Grote, Thomas, Berens, Philipp
Format: Article
Published: Wiley-Blackwell Jun2024
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jun2024
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        10.1111/bioe.13283
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        atl: A paradigm shift?—On the ethics of medical large language models.
      aug:
        au:
          Grote, Thomas
          Berens, Philipp
        affil:
          Cluster of Excellence: "Machine Learning: New Perspectives for Science", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
          Hertie Institute for AI in Brain Health & Tübingen AI Center, Tübingen, Germany
      su:
        Debate
        Interprofessional relations
        Medical care
        Responsibility
        Privacy
        Bioethics
        Paradigms (Social sciences)
        Trust
        Honesty
        Medical ethics
        Disclosure
        Patient autonomy
        Natural language processing
        Attitudes of medical personnel
        Machine learning
      sug:
        subj:
          Debate
          Interprofessional relations
          Medical care
          Responsibility
          Privacy
          Bioethics
          Paradigms (Social sciences)
          Trust
          Honesty
          Medical ethics
          Disclosure
          Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology)
          Patient autonomy
          Natural language processing
          Attitudes of medical personnel
          Machine learning
      keyword:
        autonomy
        clinical evaluation
        machine learning
        transparency
        trust
        autonomy
        clinical evaluation
        machine learning
        transparency
        trust
      ab: After a wave of breakthroughs in image‐based medical diagnostics and risk prediction models, machine learning (ML) has turned into a normal science. However, prominent researchers are claiming that another paradigm shift in medical ML is imminent—due to most recent staggering successes of large language models—from single‐purpose applications toward generalist models, driven by natural language. This article investigates the implications of this paradigm shift for the ethical debate. Focusing on issues like trust, transparency, threats of patient autonomy, responsibility issues in the collaboration of clinicians and ML models, fairness, and privacy, it will be argued that the main problems will be continuous with the current debate. However, due to functioning of large language models, the complexity of all these problems increases. In addition, the article discusses some profound challenges for the clinical evaluation of large language models and threats to the reproducibility and replicability of studies about large language models in medicine due to corporate interests.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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