Who wrote the first Constitutions of Freemasonry?

This article addresses the problematic authorship of The Constitutions of the Free-Masons (1723). Traditionally associated with James Anderson, using stylometry, we examine whether and, if so, where John T. Desaguliers, the prime mover of early English institutionalized Freemasonry, contributed to t...

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Publicado en:Digital Scholarship in the Humanities Vol. 39; no. 2; pp. 690 - 709
Autores principales: Péter, Róbert, Jawerbaum, Alejandro Napolitano
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Oxford University Press / USA Jun2024
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        atl: Who wrote the first Constitutions of Freemasonry?
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          Péter, Róbert
          Jawerbaum, Alejandro Napolitano
        affil:
          Institute of English and American Studies, University of Szeged , Szeged, Hungary
          English Language and Applied Linguistics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham , United Kingdom
      su:
        Freemasonry
        Attribution of authorship
        Constitutions
        Constitutional history
        Stylometry
      sug:
        subj:
          Freemasonry
          Attribution of authorship
          Constitutions
          Constitutional history
          Stylometry
      keyword:
        authorship studies
        eighteenth-century studies
        freemasonry
        history
        stylometry
      ab: This article addresses the problematic authorship of The Constitutions of the Free-Masons (1723). Traditionally associated with James Anderson, using stylometry, we examine whether and, if so, where John T. Desaguliers, the prime mover of early English institutionalized Freemasonry, contributed to this publication. Our corpus includes writings by Anderson, Desaguliers, and two contemporary Freemasons used as distractors. The transcribed works contain texts from different genres and of varying lengths. In our methodology, we employ a wide range of robust, multivariate, unsupervised, and cross-validated supervised tests, verified through significance testing, which can hopefully contribute to the establishment of standards for historical authorship attribution. Our results suggest, in line with historical evidence, that the legendary history of the Constitutions was most likely primarily authored by Anderson. However, several of the Charges including the first one ' Concerning God and religion', one of the most disputed texts in the history of Freemasonry, are closer to the style of Desaguliers. The General Regulations concerning the organization of the lodges, hitherto attributed to George Payne, played a fundamental role in spreading Freemasonry worldwide. Our analyses show that the stylistic affinity of fifteen of the thirty-nine regulations has a pronounced closeness to Anderson's style, five align more closely with Desaguliers' style. The authorship of the rest remains inconclusive partly due to the insufficient length of texts by Payne. These novel findings are also supported by a close reading of the Constitutions and other contemporary primary sources.
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    language: English
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