Anthropocentrism and Two Phenomenological Approaches to Animal Life.

This article analyzes two phenomenological approaches to animal life in the context of criticism of anthropocentrism. The first part considers the question of anthropocentrism. Beginning with the posthumanist criticism of anthropocentrism as an ideology of human exceptionalism, the article proposes...

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Publicado en:Problems / Problemos Vol. 105; pp. 45 - 63
Autor principal: Gutauskas, Mintautas
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Vilnius University 2024
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: 2024
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        10.15388/Problemos.2024.105.4
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        au: Gutauskas, Mintautas
        affil: Vilnius University Institute of Philosophy
      su:
        Phenomenology
        Anthropocentrism
        Criticism
        Empathy
        Consciousness
        Possibility
        Subjectivity
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          Phenomenology
          Anthropocentrism
          Criticism
          Empathy
          Consciousness
          Possibility
          Subjectivity
      keyword:
        animality
        anthropocentrism
        anthropological difference
        Depraz
        empathy
        San Martín and Pintos
        antropocentrizmas
        antropologinis skirtumas
        empatija
        gyvūniškumas
        San Martínas ir Pintos
      ab:
        This article analyzes two phenomenological approaches to animal life in the context of criticism of anthropocentrism. The first part considers the question of anthropocentrism. Beginning with the posthumanist criticism of anthropocentrism as an ideology of human exceptionalism, the article proposes to reflect human anthropocentricity phenomenologically as a condition of experience. The second part discusses San Martín and Pintos' approach, which, grounded in Husserl's analysis of transcendental ego, considers the human-animal relation in terms of egotic subjectivity, corporeality, and the constitution of sense. San Martín and Pintos' position is very important in the criticism of anthropocentrism, and yet it is considered insufficient when reflecting the diversity of human-animal relations. The third part analyses Depraz's four-stage structure of empathy and aims to determine the conditions and limits of access to animals as liminal subjects. Corporeality is considered as the most general layer; the accessibility of animal consciousness, the approach to their experience, the possibilities and limits of it are analyzed. Finally, it is concluded that the two positions can contribute to the understanding of the limits of anthropocentrism and its failures.
        Straipsnyje analizuojamos 2 fenomenologinės prieigos prie gyvūnų gyvenimo antropocentrizmo kritikos kontekste. Pirmoje dalyje apžvelgiamas antropocentrizmo klausimas. Pradedant posthumanistine antropocentrizmo kaip žmogiškojo išskirtinumo ideologijos kritika siūloma fenomenologiniu požiūriu reflektuoti žmogaus antropocentriškumą kaip patirties sąlygą. Antroje dalyje apžvelgiama San Martíno ir Pintos prieiga, kuri, remdamasi Husserlio transcendentalinio ego analize Ideen II, atskleidžia žmonių ir gyvūnų tapatumą egotiškumo, kūniškumo ir prasmės konstitucijos aspektais. Jų pozicija labai svarbi antropocentrizmo kritikoje, tačiau laikoma nepakankama žmonių ir gyvūnų santykių įvairovei reflektuoti. Trečioje dalyje analizuojama Depraz pateikta keturių pakopų empatijos struktūra ir siekiama nustatyti, kokios yra ribinių subjektų -- gyvūnų -- prieinamumo sąlygos ir ribos. Išskiriamas kūniškumas kaip bendriausias sluoksnis, analizuojama gyvūnų sąmonių prieinamumo, jų patirties supratimo galimybės ir ribos. Galiausiai daroma išvada, kad šios dvi pozicijos gali prisidėti suprantant žmonių ir gyvūnų bendrumo ir skirtumo ribas bei tai, kiek gali būti apribotas antropocentrizmas.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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