Interventions to improve executive functions in children aged 3 years and under: A systematic review.

Background: Early executive functioning (EF) skills are foundational capabilities that predict school readiness, academic development and psychiatric risk. Early interventions enhancing these capabilities could have critical import in improving outcomes. However, to develop interventions, it is nece...

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Publicado en:Child: Care, Health & Development Vol. 50; no. 4; pp. 1 - 24
Autores principales: Duncan, Andrea F., Gerner, Gwyn J., Neel, Mary Lauren, Burton, Vera J., Byrne, Rachel, Warschausky, Seth
Formato: research systematic review tables/charts meta synthesis Journal Article
Publicado: Wiley-Blackwell Jul2024
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jul2024
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      pub: Wiley-Blackwell
      place: Malden, Massachusetts
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        10.1111/cch.13298
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        atl: Interventions to improve executive functions in children aged 3 years and under: A systematic review.
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          Duncan, Andrea F.
          Gerner, Gwyn J.
          Neel, Mary Lauren
          Burton, Vera J.
          Byrne, Rachel
          Warschausky, Seth
        affil: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia Pennsylvania,, USA
      sug:
        subj:
          Executive Function In Infancy and Childhood
          Early Intervention
          Quality Improvement
          Cognition
          Human
          Infant
          Child, Preschool
          Systematic Review
          Meta Synthesis
          PubMed
          Embase
          CINAHL Database
          Psycinfo
          Attention
          Self Regulation
          Physical Activity
          Memory, Short Term
          Problem Solving
          Outcome Assessment
          Impulse Control Disorders
          Data Analysis Software
          Funding Source
          Infant: 1-23 months
          Child, Preschool: 2-5 years
      ab: Background: Early executive functioning (EF) skills are foundational capabilities that predict school readiness, academic development and psychiatric risk. Early interventions enhancing these capabilities could have critical import in improving outcomes. However, to develop interventions, it is necessary to identify specific EF skills that will vary with child age. Thus, we aimed to examine the characteristics and efficacy of interventions targeting EF in infancy and early childhood up to age 3. Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and APA PsycINFO databases was performed for studies published before December 2022. Randomized and non‐randomized studies of interventions designed to improve at least one EF skill in children ≤3 years were included. EF skills included attentional control, inhibition/self‐regulation, activity initiation, working memory, cognitive flexibility, planning ability, problem‐solving and performance monitoring. We independently extracted data, used the revised Cochrane Risk‐of‐Bias tool to assess the quality of the evidence and conducted Synthesis Without Meta‐analysis (SWiM). The overall quality of the evidence and the strength of recommendations was determined using elements of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results: Thirty‐five studies met inclusion criteria (original n = 7467). Studies were highly variable in the EF skill targeted, target subject (i.e., child, parent and teacher), nature and dosage of the intervention, and timing of outcome assessment. Most interventions focused on improving impulse control and self‐regulation. The overall quality of evidence was low to moderate with a high risk of bias, though six studies had low risk of bias but yielded mixed findings of efficacy. Conclusions: The relatively small number of early EF intervention studies uses such variable methods that there is currently no converging evidence of efficacy to recommend a specific intervention. Thus, findings support the need for a more systematic, targeted approach to the design and implementation of early EF interventions for target populations.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        systematic review
        tables/charts
        meta synthesis
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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