| Sumario: | This study assesses how globalization modulates the effect of environmental degradation on inclusive human development in 44 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. First, a trade openness (imports + exports) threshold of between 80 and 120% of GDP is the maximum level required for trade openness to effectively modulate CO emissions (metric tonnes per capita) and induce a positive effect on inclusive human development. Second, a minimum threshold required for trade openness to modulate CO intensity (kg per kg of oil-equivalent energy use) and induce a positive effect on inclusive human development is 200% of GDP. Third, there is a net positive effect on inclusive human development from the relevance of trade openness in modulating the effect of CO emissions per capita on inclusive human development and a negative net effect on inclusive human development from the importance of trade openness in moderating the effect of CO intensity on inclusive human development.
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