Rush Judgments: Conflicting Ideas of Race in Benjamin Rush's Abolitionist Pamphlets.

Benjamin Rush's 1773 antislavery pamphlets are often cited as quintessential examples of "environmentalist" understandings of human difference because Rush proclaimed in them that all people were the same outside of accidents of local climate and custom, seemingly rejecting the notion of innate raci...

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Publicado en:Early American Studies, An Interdisciplinary Journal Vol. 22; no. 3; pp. 387 - 417
Autor principal: Smith, Sean Morey
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: University of Pennsylvania Press Summer2024
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        atl: Rush Judgments: Conflicting Ideas of Race in Benjamin Rush's Abolitionist Pamphlets.
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        au: Smith, Sean Morey
        affil: Rice University
      su:
        Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813
        Race
        Scientific racism
        Racial differences
        Environmentalism
        Slavery
        Antislavery movements
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        subj:
          Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813
          Race
          Scientific racism
          Racial differences
          Environmentalism
          Slavery
          Antislavery movements
      keyword:
        abolition
        antislavery
        Benjamin Rush
        Caribbean
        climate
        environment
        environmentalist
        essentialism
        medicine
        Pennsylvania
        Philadelphia
        race
        racialism
        slavery
        West Indies
      ab: Benjamin Rush's 1773 antislavery pamphlets are often cited as quintessential examples of "environmentalist" understandings of human difference because Rush proclaimed in them that all people were the same outside of accidents of local climate and custom, seemingly rejecting the notion of innate racial differences. However, closely examining the use of climate's relationship to health in Rush's tracts reveals that he mixed environmentalism with more essentialist ideas of race that supposed fixed differences between people of European and African descent. Rush expressed essentialist ideas about differing rates of reproduction and the ability to survive hot climates without theorizing about their cause, and he leveraged these ideas to blame enslavers for the mortality of enslaved people and for the failure to create a self-sustaining enslaved population. Crucially, Rush's statements implying fixed racial differences would be regularly repeated by later abolitionists, making antislavery speeches and publications a conduit for reinforcing and spreading racial comparisons. Rush's pamphlets illustrate that abolitionist writers, not just proslavery ones, contributed to the emergence of medical and scientific racism and indicates that the incompleteness of emancipation had its roots in the language of the freedom struggle itself.
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