Semantic Stroop interference is modulated by the availability of executive resources: Insights from delta-plot analyses and cognitive load manipulation.

We investigated whether, during visual word recognition, semantic processing is modulated by attentional control mechanisms directed at matching semantic information with task-relevant goals. In previous research, we analyzed the semantic Stroop interference as a function of response latency (delta-...

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Published in:Memory & Cognition Vol. 52; no. 6; pp. 1422 - 1439
Main Authors: Sulpizio, Simone, Spinelli, Giacomo, Scaltritti, Michele
Format: Article
Published: Springer Nature Aug2024
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      pub: Springer Nature
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        10.3758/s13421-024-01552-5
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        atl: Semantic Stroop interference is modulated by the availability of executive resources: Insights from delta-plot analyses and cognitive load manipulation.
      aug:
        au:
          Sulpizio, Simone
          Spinelli, Giacomo
          Scaltritti, Michele
        affil:
          Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Milano–Bicocca, Milano, Italy
          https://ror.org/01ynf4891 Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano–Bicocca, Milano, Italy
          https://ror.org/05trd4x28 Dipartimento di Psicologia e Scienze Cognitive, Università degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy
      su:
        Task performance
        Executive function
        Attention
        Memory
        Semantics
        Cognition
        Phonological awareness
        Descriptive statistics
        Neuropsychological tests
        Short-term memory
        Reaction time
        Visual perception
      sug:
        subj:
          Task performance
          Executive function
          Attention
          Memory
          Semantics
          Cognition
          Phonological awareness
          Descriptive statistics
          Neuropsychological tests
          Short-term memory
          Reaction time
          Visual perception
      keyword:
        Cognitive control
        Semantic processing
        Stroop
        Visual word recognition
        Working-memory load
        Cognitive control
        Semantic processing
        Stroop
        Visual word recognition
        Working-memory load
      ab: We investigated whether, during visual word recognition, semantic processing is modulated by attentional control mechanisms directed at matching semantic information with task-relevant goals. In previous research, we analyzed the semantic Stroop interference as a function of response latency (delta-plot analyses) and found that this phenomenon mainly occurs in the slowest responses. Here, we investigated whether this pattern is due to reduced ability to proactively maintain the task goal in these slowest trials. In two pairs of experiments, participants completed two semantic Stroop tasks: a classic semantic Stroop task (Experiment 1A and 2A) and a semantic Stroop task combined with an n-back task (Experiment 1B and 2B). The two pairs of experiments only differed in the trial pace, which was slightly faster in Experiments 2A and 2B than in Experiments 1A and 1B. By taxing the executive control system, the n-back task was expected to hinder proactive control. Delta-plot analyses of the semantic Stroop task replicated the enhanced effect in the slowest responses, but only under sufficient time pressure. Combining the semantic Stroop task with the n-back task produced a change in the distributional profile of semantic Stroop interference, which we ascribe to a general difficulty in the use of proactive control. Our findings suggest that semantic Stroop interference is, to some extent, dependent on the available executive resources, while also being sensitive to subtle variations in task conditions.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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