Executive function tests: Normative data for Spanish-speaking adults in the United States.

BACKGROUND: Normative data for Spanish-speaking populations, particularly Hispanics in the U.S., is notably scarce. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to establish normative data for executive function tests (Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Stroop Color and Word Test) among Spanish-speaking Hispani...

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Publicado en:NeuroRehabilitation Vol. 55; no. 2; pp. 209 - 222
Autores principales: Ramos Usuga, Daniela, Rivera, Diego, Xia, Bridget, Carrión, Carmen I., Morel Valdés, Gloria M., Moreno, Oswaldo, Rodriguez, Miriam J., Krch, Denise, Wongserbchart, Wongthipa, Drago, Christin I., García, Patricia, Rivera, Patricia M., Olabarrieta-Landa, Laiene, Perrin, Paul B., Arango-Lasprilla, Juan Carlos
Formato: equations & formulas research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Sage Publications Inc. 2024
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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          Ramos Usuga, Daniela
          Rivera, Diego
          Xia, Bridget
          Carrión, Carmen I.
          Morel Valdés, Gloria M.
          Moreno, Oswaldo
          Rodriguez, Miriam J.
          Krch, Denise
          Wongserbchart, Wongthipa
          Drago, Christin I.
          García, Patricia
          Rivera, Patricia M.
          Olabarrieta-Landa, Laiene
          Perrin, Paul B.
          Arango-Lasprilla, Juan Carlos
        affil: Biomedical Research Doctorate Program, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
      sug:
        subj:
          Hispanic Americans United States
          Spanish Language
          Executive Function
          Neuropsychological Tests
          Human
          Male
          Female
          Adolescence
          Adult
          Middle Age
          Aged
          Aged, 80 and Over
          United States
          Probability
          Regression
          Sociodemographic Factors
          Acculturation
          Cultural Diversity
          Funding Source
          Adolescent: 13-18 years
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Aged: 65+ years
          Aged, 80 & over
          Male
          Female
      ab: BACKGROUND: Normative data for Spanish-speaking populations, particularly Hispanics in the U.S., is notably scarce. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to establish normative data for executive function tests (Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Stroop Color and Word Test) among Spanish-speaking Hispanics in the U.S. METHODS: We assessed 245 individuals aged 18–80 from eight U.S. states (California, Connecticut, Florida, Indiana, New Jersey, Oregon, Virginia, and Wisconsin) and employed Bayesian regression to estimate norms, considering various sociodemographic factors influencing performance. RESULTS: The posterior distribution suggests a high probability that age impacts SCWT performance, with older adults likely to show greater declines, particularly among those with high proficiency in Spanish. The posterior distribution suggests a stronger effect of age on M-WCST performance among individuals with longer U.S. residency. Educational attainment demonstrates a robust positive impact on M-WCST outcomes, with lower levels of education associated with a higher probability of increased errors. An interaction between education and Spanish proficiency was observed, influencing SCWT scores differently across proficiency levels. Sex and acculturation levels interact to affect SCWT performance, with distinct patterns observed between men and women. This suggests that the impact of acculturation on cognitive test performance may vary by gender. CONCLUSION: Establishing culturally sensitive normative data can enhance accurate identification of executive dysfunction and reduce misdiagnosis risks. This study underscores the importance of considering sociocultural factors including acculturation and language proficiency in neuropsychological assessments to better serve diverse populations.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        equations & formulas
        research
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      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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