Beyond the Gender Binary: Transgender Labor Force Status in the United States 2014–17.

Following the recent acknowledgment of and debates around transgender people in the United States, there has emerged a small but growing literature on the economic implications of being transgender. However, most economic research on gender fails to account for major components of gender by only inc...

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Publicado en:Feminist Economics Vol. 30; no. 3; pp. 1 - 34
Autores principales: Campbell, Travis, Badgett, Lee, Dalton-Quartz, Everest, Campbell, Chandler
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Taylor & Francis Ltd Jul2024
Materias:
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        atl: Beyond the Gender Binary: Transgender Labor Force Status in the United States 2014–17.
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          Campbell, Travis
          Badgett, Lee
          Dalton-Quartz, Everest
          Campbell, Chandler
        affil:
          Department of Economics, Southern Oregon University, 220 Taylor Hall 250 Siskiyou Blvd, Ashland, OR 97520, USA
          Department of Economics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 319 Crotty Hall 412 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01002, USA
          Department of Economics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 319 Crotty Hall 412 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01002 ,  USA
      su:
        Gender identity
        Gender
        Women employees
        Gender expression
        Binary gender system
        Transgender people
      sug:
        subj:
          Gender identity
          Gender
          Women employees
          Gender expression
          Binary gender system
          Transgender people
      keyword:
        Discrimination
        identity economics
        labor market equality
        transgender
      ab: Following the recent acknowledgment of and debates around transgender people in the United States, there has emerged a small but growing literature on the economic implications of being transgender. However, most economic research on gender fails to account for major components of gender by only including sex and gender identity, which may entail drastic mischaracterizations of transgender labor market outcomes. This article accounts for how people express their gender and how one's voice is perceived by others using the Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance Systems 2014–7, which finds compelling evidence of transgender women facing labor market penalties for having a feminine gender expression and voice perceived as feminine, whereas transgender men are rewarded for having a masculine gender expression and voice perceived as masculine. HIGHLIGHTS Masculinity associates with a labor market premium. Feminine trans men and women have labor market outcomes similar to feminine ciswomen. Masculine trans men and women have labor market outcomes similar to masculine cismen. Gender incongruence associates with labor market penalties.
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