Libels, Licenses, Liberties: Conceptualising Freedom of Speech in Colonial and Postcolonial India.

Analysing legal cases involving libel, rioting, sedition, and breaches of the press acts in colonial and postcolonial India, this article emphasises the continued relevance of eighteenth-century common law precedents to the conceptualisation of 'freedom of expression'. Lawyer Thomas Erskine's advoca...

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Publicado en:Journal of Imperial & Commonwealth History Vol. 52; no. 4/5; pp. 569 - 600
Autor principal: Leonard, Zak
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Taylor & Francis Ltd Aug-Oct2024
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        atl: Libels, Licenses, Liberties: Conceptualising Freedom of Speech in Colonial and Postcolonial India.
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        au: Leonard, Zak
        affil: Cornell University, Cornell, USA
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        Censorship
        Common law
        Freedom of expression
        Actions & defenses (Law)
        British occupation of India, 1765-1947
        British colonies
        Freedom of speech
        Freedom of the press
        India
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          India
          Censorship
          Common law
          Freedom of expression
          Actions & defenses (Law)
          British occupation of India, 1765-1947
          British colonies
          Freedom of speech
          Freedom of the press
      keyword:
        British Empire
        censorship
        common law
        free speech
        Libel
        press
        sedition
      ab: Analysing legal cases involving libel, rioting, sedition, and breaches of the press acts in colonial and postcolonial India, this article emphasises the continued relevance of eighteenth-century common law precedents to the conceptualisation of 'freedom of expression'. Lawyer Thomas Erskine's advocacy of liberty of speech in a series of seditious libel trials and Lord Mansfield's notable commentary in the Shipley (Dean of St. Asaph) case provided a resilient framework for adjudicating the issue until the 1950s. Changes in the Indian political climate, however, prompted varying reassessments of these findings. Prior to 1910, judges and defendants in the trials of Reverend James Long, Kahanji Dharamsingh, and B. G. Tilak mined Erskine's speeches as a resource that could help them clarify authorial intent, gauge the 'tendency' of texts, and specify the constitutional role of the jury. After this period, debates over freedom of expression increasingly centred upon Mansfield's ruling — popularised by scholar A. V. Dicey — that solely associated liberty of speech with the absence of licenses for publication. Thereafter, critics of the Indian press acts weaponized Mansfield's ruling to challenge the colonial state's burgeoning autocracy. By the 1950s, a third shift had occurred as justices and parliamentarians offered contrary interpretations of Dicey's own analysis in debating the Indian government's continued reliance on censorship laws.
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