Using Machine Learning to Fight Child Acute Malnutrition and Predict Weight Gain During Outpatient Treatment with a Simplified Combined Protocol.

Background/Objectives: Child acute malnutrition is a global public health problem, affecting 45 million children under 5 years of age. The World Health Organization recommends monitoring weight gain weekly as an indicator of the correct treatment. However, simplified protocols that do not record the...

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Publicado en:Nutrients Vol. 16; no. 23; pp. 4213 - 4226
Autores principales: Sánchez-Martínez, Luis Javier, Charle-Cuéllar, Pilar, Gado, Abdoul Aziz, Ousmane, Nassirou, Hernández, Candela Lucía, López-Ejeda, Noemí
Formato: research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: MDPI Dec2024
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Dec2024
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        atl: Using Machine Learning to Fight Child Acute Malnutrition and Predict Weight Gain During Outpatient Treatment with a Simplified Combined Protocol.
      aug:
        au:
          Sánchez-Martínez, Luis Javier
          Charle-Cuéllar, Pilar
          Gado, Abdoul Aziz
          Ousmane, Nassirou
          Hernández, Candela Lucía
          López-Ejeda, Noemí
        affil: Unit of Physical Anthropology, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
      sug:
        subj:
          Machine Learning Utilization
          Acute Disease Diet Therapy
          Malnutrition Diet Therapy
          Weight Gain Prevention and Control
          Ambulatory Care
          Wasting Syndrome Diet Therapy
          Socioeconomic Factors
          Child, Hospitalized Niger
          Human
          Funding Source
          Infant
          Child, Preschool
          Outpatients
          Niger
          Prospective Studies
          Algorithms
          Wasting Syndrome
          Child Nutrition Disorders Diet Therapy
          Child Nutrition Disorders Prevention and Control
          Patient Discharge
          Public Health
          Random Forest
          Caregivers Psychosocial Factors
          Health Services Accessibility
          World Health Organization
          Descriptive Statistics
          ROC Curve
          Infant: 1-23 months
          Child, Preschool: 2-5 years
      ab: Background/Objectives: Child acute malnutrition is a global public health problem, affecting 45 million children under 5 years of age. The World Health Organization recommends monitoring weight gain weekly as an indicator of the correct treatment. However, simplified protocols that do not record the weight and base diagnosis and follow-up in arm circumference at discharge are being tested in emergency settings. The present study aims to use machine learning techniques to predict weight gain based on the socio-economic characteristics at admission for the children treated under a simplified protocol in the Diffa region of Niger. Methods: The sample consists of 535 children aged 6–59 months receiving outpatient treatment for acute malnutrition, for whom information on 51 socio-economic variables was collected. First, the Variable Selection Using Random Forest (VSURF) algorithm was used to select the variables associated with weight gain. Subsequently, the dataset was partitioned into training/testing, and an ensemble model was adjusted using five algorithms for prediction, which were combined using a Random Forest meta-algorithm. Afterward, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify the optimal cut-off point for predicting the group of individuals most vulnerable to developing low weight gain. Results: The critical variables that influence weight gain are water, hygiene and sanitation, the caregiver's employment–socio-economic level and access to treatment. The final ensemble prediction model achieved a better fit (R2 = 0.55) with respect to the individual algorithms (R2 = 0.14–0.27). An optimal cut-off point was identified to establish low weight gain, with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.777 at a value of <6.5 g/kg/day. The ensemble model achieved a success rate of 84% (78/93) at the identification of individuals below <6.5 g/kg/day in the test set. Conclusions: The results highlight the importance of adapting the cut-off points for weight gain to each context, as well as the practical usefulness that these techniques can have in optimizing and adapting to the treatment in humanitarian settings.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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