An Empirical Comparison of Semantics for Quantified Vague Sentences.

We investigate the compositional semantics of vague quantified sentences, focusing on sentences such as "All of the students are tall," where a non-vague quantifier quantifies into a vague predicate. While much work has been done on vagueness in natural language, including the semantics of vague adj...

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Publicado en:Problems / Problemos pp. 58 - 78
Autores principales: Cremers, Alexandre, Kalvelyte, Julija
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Vilnius University 2024 Supplement
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        10.15388/Problemos.Priedas.24.5
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          Cremers, Alexandre
          Kalvelyte, Julija
        affil: Faculty of Philology Vilnius University
      su:
        Semantics (Philosophy)
        Natural languages
        Fuzzy logic
        Human behavior
        Judgment (Psychology)
      sug:
        subj:
          Semantics (Philosophy)
          Natural languages
          Fuzzy logic
          Human behavior
          Judgment (Psychology)
      keyword:
        fuzzy logic
        psycholinguistics
        semantics
        vagueness
        neapibrėžtumas
        neraiški logika
        psicholingvistika
        semantika
      ab:
        We investigate the compositional semantics of vague quantified sentences, focusing on sentences such as "All of the students are tall," where a non-vague quantifier quantifies into a vague predicate. While much work has been done on vagueness in natural language, including the semantics of vague adjectives, little attention has been paid so far to how vagueness interacts with complex sentences. We present an experiment that gathers data on naïve speakers' interpretation of such sentences after collecting their judgment on the applicability of the vague predicate for each individual in the restrictor. We then compare how three prominent fuzzy logics - Gödel, product, and Łukasiewicz - predict the acceptability of the quantified sentences. Our results indicate that Gödel logic best matches human behavior. We then prove an equivalence between Gödel logic and a probabilistic form of Williamson's epistemicism for the sentences we have tested, and discuss how our findings inform the broader debate on the semantics of vagueness, particularly between epistemicism and graded-truth approaches.
        Nagrinėjame neapibrėžtų kvantifikuotų sakinių kompozicinę semantiką, daugiausia dėmesio skirdami tokiems sakiniams kaip „Visi studentai aukšti", kuriuose apibrėžtas kvantorius kvantifikuoja neapibrėžtą predikatą. Nors natūraliojoje kalboje neapibrėžtumas jau yra plačiai tyrinėtas, įskaitant ir neapibrėžtų būdvardžių semantiką, lig šiol mažai dėmesio skirta neapibrėžtumo sąveikai su sudėtiniais sakiniais. Pristatome eksperimentą, kurio metu surinkome duomenis, kaip naivūs kalbėtojai interpretuoja tokius sakinius. Surinkę jų sprendimus apie neapibrėžto predikato taikytinumą kiekvienam ribotinio sakinio individui, lyginame, kaip trys žinomos neraiškiosios logikos - Gödelio, produkto ir Łukasiewicziaus - prognozuoja kvantifikuotų sakinių priimtinumą. Gauti rezultatai atskleidė, kad Gödelio logika tiksliausiai atitinka dalyvių supratimą. Galiausiai įrodome, kad teste pasirodžiusių sakinių atžvilgiu Gödelio logika ir tikimybinė Williamsono epistemizmo forma yra ekvivalenčios, ir aptariame, kaip mūsų išvados prisideda prie platesnės diskusijos apie neapibrėžtumo semantiką, ypač tarp epistemizmo ir laipsniuoto teisingumo požiūrių.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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