Human Herpesviruses, Bacteria, and Fungi in Gingivitis and Periodontitis Pediatric Subjects: A Systematic Review.

Objectives: This systematic review assesses and compares the presence and relative abundance of periodontal pathogens, human herpesviruses (HHVs), and fungi in subgingival and/or saliva samples from pediatric subjects (≤18 years of age) with periodontally healthy status and with gingivitis and/or pe...

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Publicado en:Children Vol. 12; no. 1; pp. 39 - 73
Autores principales: Di Spirito, Federica, Pisano, Massimo, Caggiano, Mario, De Benedetto, Giuseppina, Di Palo, Maria Pia, Franci, Gianluigi, Amato, Massimo
Formato: research systematic review tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: MDPI Jan2025
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jan2025
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      pub: MDPI
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        10.3390/children12010039
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        atl: Human Herpesviruses, Bacteria, and Fungi in Gingivitis and Periodontitis Pediatric Subjects: A Systematic Review.
      aug:
        au:
          Di Spirito, Federica
          Pisano, Massimo
          Caggiano, Mario
          De Benedetto, Giuseppina
          Di Palo, Maria Pia
          Franci, Gianluigi
          Amato, Massimo
        affil: Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
      sug:
        subj:
          Periodontitis Microbiology
          Gingivitis Microbiology
          Herpesviruses
          Bacteria
          Fungi
          Saliva Analysis
          Pediatric Care
          Health Status
          Human
          Male
          Female
          Child
          Systematic Review
          Clinical Assessment Tools
          Microbiota
          Streptococcus
          Biofilms
          Fusobacterium Infections
          Treponemal Infections
          Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria
          Child: 6-12 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Objectives: This systematic review assesses and compares the presence and relative abundance of periodontal pathogens, human herpesviruses (HHVs), and fungi in subgingival and/or saliva samples from pediatric subjects (≤18 years of age) with periodontally healthy status and with gingivitis and/or periodontitis. Methods: The study protocol was conducted under the PRISMA statement and registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024593007). Data from seven studies were descriptively analyzed and qualitatively assessed through the ROBINS-1 and JBI tools. Results: Pediatric subjects with clinically healthy periodontium exhibited a balanced microbiome, with early colonizers (Streptococcus species) supporting biofilm development and late colonizers like Fusobacterium nucleatum, Treponema denticola (82.35%), and Porphyromonas gingivalis (29.7%) present at low levels, suggesting subclinical dysbiosis. Viruses such as HSV-I (100%), CMV (17.8%), and EBV-I (22.09%) coexisted in a likely latent state, maintained by effective immune responses. In pediatric periodontitis, biofilms were more diverse and pathogenic, with increased prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans (56.09%), P. gingivalis (55.4%), and T. forsythia (35.9%). Generalized periodontitis showed higher CMV (36.36%) and EBV-I (36.24%) prevalence than gingivitis (HSV-I 18.75%). Coinfections were frequent in periodontitis, suggesting bacterial–viral synergy in exacerbating inflammation and tissue destruction. Fungi, although not studied, may also contribute under specific conditions. Conclusions: These findings highlight the role of microbial interactions in periodontal health and disease progression.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        systematic review
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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