Evidence from NHANES 2011–2014: a correlation between the weight-adjusted-waist index and cognitive abilities in the United States.

Background: Obesity exerts a significant detrimental impact on cognitive function. The weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) serves as a more precise indicator of visceral obesity that is independent of weight, in contrast to body mass index (BMI). Still, little research has been conducted on the interr...

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Publicado en:Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience pp. 1 - 15
Autores principales: Zhao, Chan, Xu, Xintian, Hao, Chunyan
Formato: research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: 2025
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      pub: Frontiers Media S.A.
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        10.3389/fnagi.2025.1480609
        183036357
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        atl: Evidence from NHANES 2011–2014: a correlation between the weight-adjusted-waist index and cognitive abilities in the United States.
      aug:
        au:
          Zhao, Chan
          Xu, Xintian
          Hao, Chunyan
        affil: First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
      sug:
        subj:
          Obesity In Old Age
          Cognition Disorders Risk Factors
          Risk Assessment
          Waist Circumference
          Body Weight
          Abdominal Fat
          Human
          Male
          Female
          Middle Age
          Aged
          United States
          Cross Sectional Studies
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          Questionnaires
          Interviews
          Prospective Studies
          Multiple Linear Regression
          Descriptive Statistics
          Sex Factors
          Race Factors
          Educational Status
          Marital Status
          Diabetes Mellitus
          Body Mass Index
          Alcohol Drinking
          Hypertension
          Smoking
          Stroke
          Depression
          Sleep Quality
          Communication Skills
          Processing Speed
          Memory
          Funding Source
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Aged: 65+ years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Background: Obesity exerts a significant detrimental impact on cognitive function. The weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) serves as a more precise indicator of visceral obesity that is independent of weight, in contrast to body mass index (BMI). Still, little research has been conducted on the interrelation between WWI and cognitive abilities. This investigation explored the link between WWI and older Americans' cognitive function. Methods: Utilizing data from the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Cross-Sectional Survey, multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the influence of WWI on cognitive abilities in those over 60. Three cognitive assessments were administered: the Animal Fluency Test (AFT), the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and the Word Learning and Recall Module from the Coalition to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). We implemented threshold effects analysis and smoothed curve fitting to elucidate the nonlinear relationship. Additionally, we analyzed subgroups to check for variability. Results: There were 2,762 participants, including1,504 (54.45%) females and 1,258 (45.55%) males. 53.77% of them had completed high school or above, and their average age was 69.05 ± 6.62. After controlling for confounding variables, the improved model predicted a negative connection between WWI and CERAD-Total, AFT, and DSST scores (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, we performed a smoothenable curve fitting between WWI and cognitive function scores, resulting in a nonlinear connection and a threshold saturation effect. We also executed subgroup analyses and interaction tests based on gender, race, educational background, marital status, diabetes, body mass index, alcohol consumption, hypertension, smoking habits, stroke, depression, and sleep quality to assess whether the relationship between WWI and cognitive function was affected by heterogeneity across different population segments. The subgroup analysis found no significant differences in cognitive performance associated with WWI across the various subgroups. Conclusion: Higher WWI levels are associated with impaired cognitive function in Americans aged 60 and older.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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