Greater Numbers of Chews and Bites and Slow External Rhythmic Stimulation Prolong Meal Duration in Healthy Subjects.
Background/Aim: Slow eating is recommended for obese individuals. We aimed to determine the associations between meal duration and various factors (sex, numbers of chews and bites, eating tempo (including forced rhythm with a metronome) and BMI). Methods: Using a test meal (a quarter slice of pizza)...
| Published in: | Nutrients Vol. 17; no. 6; pp. 962 - 974 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article |
| Published: |
MDPI
Mar2025
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| Online Access: | View this record in EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=184101772&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 184101772 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 20726643 B0TT jtl: Nutrients issn: 20726643 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: Mar2025 vid: 17 iid: 6 pid: 97109 pub: MDPI artinfo: ui: 184101772 184101772 184101772 10.3390/nu17060962 184101772 ppf: 962 ppct: 12 formats: tig: atl: Greater Numbers of Chews and Bites and Slow External Rhythmic Stimulation Prolong Meal Duration in Healthy Subjects. aug: au: Aoshima, Megumi Deguchi, Kanako Yamamoto-Wada, Risako Ushiroda, Chihiro Hiraiwa, Eri Yokoi, Miyuki Ono, Chisato Yoshida, Mitsuyoshi Iizuka, Katsumi affil: Faculty of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan sug: subj: Mastication Evaluation Food Intake Evaluation Meals Time Factors Cues Body Mass Index Evaluation Eating Evaluation Human Eating Behavior Male Female Confidence Intervals Adult Middle Age Multivariate Analysis Descriptive Statistics Funding Source Adult: 19-44 years Middle Aged: 45-64 years Male Female ab: Background/Aim: Slow eating is recommended for obese individuals. We aimed to determine the associations between meal duration and various factors (sex, numbers of chews and bites, eating tempo (including forced rhythm with a metronome) and BMI). Methods: Using a test meal (a quarter slice of pizza), we tested the sex difference of the meal duration, numbers of chews and bites, and eating tempo for thirty three healthy subjects (M: 15; F: 18) aged 37.2 ± 11.1 years via unpaired t tests. Next, factors influencing meal duration were identified via multivariate analysis (adjusted for sex), with meal duration as the dependent variable. Results: The meal duration and numbers of chews and bites differed significantly between sexes (63.1 ± 20.7 vs. 87.4 ± 22.8, p = 0.003; 80.3 ± 28.7 vs. 107.0 ± 36.1, p = 0.02; 2.1 ± 1.1 vs. 4.5 ± 2.6, p = 0.001, respectively), but the chewing tempo was similar (p = 0.32). Meal duration was associated with the number of chews (β = 0.6 [0.4, 0.7], p < 0.001) and bites (5.8 [2.5, 9.2], p = 0.001) but not with BMI (p = 0.52) or chewing tempo (p = 0.99). Finally, when a metronome was used to force rhythmic stimulation (0/40/80/160 bpm), compared with 0 bpm, slow stimulation (40 bpm) resulted in increased meal duration (mean difference [95% CI] = −47.0 [−66.4, −27.7], p < 0.0001), chews (−28.6 [−44.5, 12.8], p = 0.0003), and bites (−4.9 [−7.9, 1.9] p = 0.001) and delayed tempo (10.4 [4.5, 16.3], p = 0.0004). Conclusions: Meal duration was positively associated with the numbers of chews and bites and negatively associated with chewing tempo. Thus, increasing the numbers of bites and chews and slowing the eating tempo may prolong meal duration. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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