Posttraumatic Arthritis After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: Machine Learning Comparison Between Surgery and Nonoperative Management.

Background: Nonoperative and operative management techniques after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury are both appropriate treatment options for selected patients. However, the subsequent development of posttraumatic knee osteoarthritis (PTOA) remains an area of active study. Purpose: To compar...

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Publicado en:American Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 53; no. 5; pp. 1050 - 1061
Autores principales: Lu, Yining, Jurgensmeier, Kevin, Lamba, Abhinav, Yang, Linjun, Hevesi, Mario, Camp, Christopher L., Krych, Aaron J., Stuart, Michael J.
Formato: research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Sage Publications Inc. Apr2025
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Apr2025
      vid: 53
      iid: 5
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      pub: Sage Publications Inc.
      place: Thousand Oaks, California
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        atl: Posttraumatic Arthritis After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: Machine Learning Comparison Between Surgery and Nonoperative Management.
      aug:
        au:
          Lu, Yining
          Jurgensmeier, Kevin
          Lamba, Abhinav
          Yang, Linjun
          Hevesi, Mario
          Camp, Christopher L.
          Krych, Aaron J.
          Stuart, Michael J.
        affil: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
      sug:
        subj:
          Osteoarthritis, Knee Surgery
          Osteoarthritis, Knee Therapy
          Osteoarthritis, Knee Risk Factors
          Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries Complications
          Machine Learning Methods
          Surgery, Operative
          Treatment Outcomes
          Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Methods
          Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries Surgery
          Human
          Male
          Female
          Adult
          Middle Age
          Comparative Studies
          Disease Progression
          Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee
          Descriptive Statistics
          Prospective Studies
          Orthopedic Surgery
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Background: Nonoperative and operative management techniques after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury are both appropriate treatment options for selected patients. However, the subsequent development of posttraumatic knee osteoarthritis (PTOA) remains an area of active study. Purpose: To compare the risk of PTOA between patients treated without surgery and with ACL reconstruction (ACLR) after primary ACL disruption using a machine learning causal inference model. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A geographic database identified patients undergoing ACLR between 1990 and 2016 with minimum 7.5-year follow-up. Variables collected include age, sex, body mass index, activity level, occupation, relevant comorbid diagnoses, radiographic findings, injury characteristics, and clinical course. Treatment effects of ACLR on the development of PTOA and progression to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were analyzed with machine learning models (MLMs) in a causal inference estimator (targeted maximum likelihood estimation, TMLE), while controlling for confounders. Results: The study included 1194 patients with a minimum follow-up of 7.5 years, among whom 974 underwent primary reconstruction and 220 underwent nonoperative treatment. A total of 215 (22%) patients developed symptomatic PTOA in the ACLR group compared with 140 (64%) in the nonoperative treatment group (P <.001), whereas 25 (3%) patients underwent TKA in the ACLR group compared with 50 (23%) in the nonoperative treatment group (P <.001). Patients in the ACLR group had delayed TKA compared with patients in the nonoperative treatment group (193.4 vs 166.0 months, respectively; P =.02). TMLE evaluation revealed that reconstruction decreased the risk of PTOA by 11% (95% CI, 8%-13%; P <.001) compared with nonoperative treatment but did not demonstrate a significant effect on the rate of progression to TKA. Survival analysis with random forest algorithm demonstrated significant delay to the onset of PTOA as well as time to progression of TKA in patients undergoing ACLR. Additional risk factors for the development of PTOA, irrespective of treatment, included older age at injury, greater body mass index, total number of arthroscopic knee surgeries, and residual laxity at follow-up. Conclusion: MLMs in a causal inference estimator found ACLR to exert a significant treatment effect in reducing the rate of development of PTOA by 11% compared with nonoperative treatment. ACLR also delayed the onset of PTOA and progression to TKA.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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