Balancing Performance and Interpretability in Medical Image Analysis: Case study of Osteopenia.

Multiple studies within the medical field have highlighted the remarkable effectiveness of using convolutional neural networks for predicting medical conditions, sometimes even surpassing that of medical professionals. Despite their great performance, convolutional neural networks operate as black b...

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Publicado en:Journal of Imaging Informatics in Medicine Vol. 38; no. 1; pp. 177 - 191
Autores principales: Mikulić, Mateo, Vičević, Dominik, Nagy, Eszter, Napravnik, Mateja, Štajduhar, Ivan, Tschauner, Sebastian, Hržić, Franko
Formato: diagnostic images pictorial tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Springer Nature Feb2025
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      pub: Springer Nature
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        atl: Balancing Performance and Interpretability in Medical Image Analysis: Case study of Osteopenia.
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          Mikulić, Mateo
          Vičević, Dominik
          Nagy, Eszter
          Napravnik, Mateja
          Štajduhar, Ivan
          Tschauner, Sebastian
          Hržić, Franko
        affil: https://ror.org/05r8dqr10 University of Rijeka, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Computer Engineering, Vukovarska 58, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
      sug:
        subj:
          Bone Diseases, Metabolic Risk Factors
          Artificial Intelligence
          Image Processing, Computer Assisted
          Image Interpretation, Computer Assisted
          Access to Information
          Human
          Algorithms
          Funding Source
          Prediction Algorithms
      ab: Multiple studies within the medical field have highlighted the remarkable effectiveness of using convolutional neural networks for predicting medical conditions, sometimes even surpassing that of medical professionals. Despite their great performance, convolutional neural networks operate as black boxes, potentially arriving at correct conclusions for incorrect reasons or areas of focus. Our work explores the possibility of mitigating this phenomenon by identifying and occluding confounding variables within images. Specifically, we focused on the prediction of osteopenia, a serious medical condition, using the publicly available GRAZPEDWRI-DX dataset. After detection of the confounding variables in the dataset, we generated masks that occlude regions of images associated with those variables. By doing so, models were forced to focus on different parts of the images for classification. Model evaluation using F1-score, precision, and recall showed that models trained on non-occluded images typically outperformed models trained on occluded images. However, a test where radiologists had to choose a model based on the focused regions extracted by the GRAD-CAM method showcased different outcomes. The radiologists' preference shifted towards models trained on the occluded images. These results suggest that while occluding confounding variables may degrade model performance, it enhances interpretability, providing more reliable insights into the reasoning behind predictions. The code to repeat our experiment is available on the following link: https://github.com/mikulicmateo/osteopenia.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        diagnostic images
        pictorial
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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