Autistic adults display different verbal behavior only in mixed-neurotype interactions: Evidence from a referential communication task.

Recent accounts of social difficulties in autism suggest that autistic and non-autistic individuals mutually misunderstand each other. This assumption aligns with findings that mixed-neurotype interactions are less efficient than same-neurotype interactions. However, it remains unclear whether diffe...

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Publicado en:Autism: The International Journal of Research & Practice Vol. 29; no. 5; pp. 1129 - 1143
Autores principales: Geelhand, Philippine, Papastamou, Fanny, Jaspard, Solène, Kissine, Mikhail
Formato: pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Sage Publications Inc. May2025
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: May2025
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      pub: Sage Publications Inc.
      place: Thousand Oaks, California
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        atl: Autistic adults display different verbal behavior only in mixed-neurotype interactions: Evidence from a referential communication task.
      aug:
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          Geelhand, Philippine
          Papastamou, Fanny
          Jaspard, Solène
          Kissine, Mikhail
        affil: ACTE, LaDisco and ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
      sug:
        subj:
          Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms
          Verbal Behavior
          Neurodiversity
          Interpersonal Relations
          Communication
          Task Performance and Analysis
          Human
          Male
          Female
          Adult
          Middle Age
          Funding Source
          Written Language
          Mental Processes
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Recent accounts of social difficulties in autism suggest that autistic and non-autistic individuals mutually misunderstand each other. This assumption aligns with findings that mixed-neurotype interactions are less efficient than same-neurotype interactions. However, it remains unclear whether different outcomes between mixed- and same-neurotype interactions are due to contact with a different neurotype or to inherently different communication styles, specific to each neurotype. A total of 134 adult participants were divided into three same-sex dyad types: 23 autistic dyads, 23 non-autistic dyads, and 21 mixed-neurotype dyads. Participants were unaware of their partner's neurotype. Dyads completed an online referential communication task where a "Director" guides a "Matcher" to rearrange abstract images, using both written (chat) and oral (microphone, no video) communication modes. Interaction outcome measures were task duration and verbosity of the Director. Across both communication modes, non-autistic dyads completed the task faster than autistic and mixed dyads, indicating that dyads with at least one autistic partner were generally slower. Notably, in mixed dyads, autistic Directors were more verbose than non-autistic Directors across both communication modes. These results, in conjunction with partners' unawareness of each other's neurotype, suggest that even in the absence of non-verbal cues neurotype mismatch triggers autistic adults to display different verbal behavior. Recent research shows that in conversations, both participants influence the outcome. More specifically, conversations do not go as smoothly when autistic and non-autistic people talk together compared to when people of the same neurotype (either all autistic or all non-autistic) talk to each other. In studies finding a "same-neurotype communicative advantage", interaction partners knew about each other's neurotype. Because of this methodological choice, it is unclear whether mixed-neurotype interactions go less smoothly because participants knew they were interacting with a different neurotype or because each neurotype really has a distinct communication style. In our study, 134 adults were grouped into same-sex pairs: 23 autistic, 23 non-autistic, and 21 mixed-neurotype pairs. The pairs did not know if the other person was autistic or not. They completed an online task where the "Director" instructs the "Matcher" to reorder abstract pictures. Pairs did this task in two ways: by typing in a live chat and by speaking into a microphone without video. The study looked at how long the task took and how much the Director talked/wrote. Results showed that non-autistic pairs were faster to complete the task than autistic pairs and mixed pairs, meaning pairs with at least one autistic person were slower in general to complete the task. Interestingly, in mixed pairs, only autistic Directors produced more words than non-autistic Directors, in both typing and speaking. These findings suggest that even without knowing about their partner's neurotype and seeing/hearing their partner, autistic adults communicate differently when they interact with a non-autistic person.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        pictorial
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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