Beyond the Transcript: Translating Non-Coding RNAs and Their Impact on Cellular Regulation.
Simple Summary: Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which constitute a large majority of the human transcriptome, function as regulatory molecules that influence gene expression through specific interactions with DNA, RNA, and proteins. Though ncRNAs are defined by their inability to encode proteins, this rev...
| Publicado en: | Cancers Vol. 17; no. 9; pp. 1555 - 1591 |
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| Autores principales: | , , |
| Formato: | pictorial review tables/charts Journal Article |
| Publicado: |
MDPI
May2025
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=185133393&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 185133393 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 20726694 B74B jtl: Cancers issn: 20726694 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: May2025 vid: 17 iid: 9 pid: 97109 pub: MDPI artinfo: ui: 185133393 185133393 185133393 10.3390/cancers17091555 185133393 ppf: 1555 ppct: 36 formats: tig: atl: Beyond the Transcript: Translating Non-Coding RNAs and Their Impact on Cellular Regulation. aug: au: Deshpande, Ananya Mahale, Sagar Kanduri, Chandrasekhar affil: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden sug: subj: RNA Cell Cycle Cell Line, Tumor Gene Expression Profiling DNA Proteins Peptides Autophagy Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association Amino Acids Signal Transduction ab: Simple Summary: Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which constitute a large majority of the human transcriptome, function as regulatory molecules that influence gene expression through specific interactions with DNA, RNA, and proteins. Though ncRNAs are defined by their inability to encode proteins, this review highlights 86 peptides and microproteins encoded by such transcripts. We analyze trends in their activity, consider how conserved they are across species, and discuss their relevance to human health and disease. We explore recent progress in their detection and characterization, providing information on their evolutionary origins, species-specific conservation, and functional contributions to various cellular processes, with particular emphasis on their roles in cell cycle regulation. These findings reflect a shifting paradigm in which non-coding RNAs possess biologically meaningful coding functions, revealing a broad functional repertoire and paving the way for innovative research directions. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) constitute the majority of the human transcriptome and play diverse structural, catalytic, and regulatory roles. The ability of ncRNAs to be translated into functional peptides and microproteins expands our understanding of their regulatory potential beyond their established non-coding functions. Our comprehensive search identified 86 translating "non-coding" RNAs. While translating ncRNAs have traditionally been categorized as "peptide-encoding", in this study, we introduce a novel classification based on amino acid length, distinguishing their products as ncRNA encoded peptides (ncRNA-PEPs), which are less than 60 amino acids, or ncRNA encoded microproteins (ncRNA-MPs) ranging from 61 to 200 amino acids. These peptides and microproteins act as co-regulators in cell signaling, transcriptional regulation, and protein complex assembly, playing a role in both health and disease. We outline the molecular pathways by which ncRNA-PEPs and ncRNA-MPs could govern cell cycle progression, highlighting their influence on cell cycle transitions, oncogenic and tumor suppressor pathways, metabolic homeostasis, autophagy, and on key cell cycle regulators like PCNA, Rad18, and CDK–cyclin complexes. Furthermore, we highlight recent advancements in their detection and characterization, exploring their evolutionary origins, species-specific conservation, and potential therapeutic applications. Our findings underscore the emerging significance of ncRNA-PEPs and ncRNA-MPs as integral regulators of cellular processes, highlighting their functional versatility and opening promising avenues for further research and potential therapeutic applications. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: pictorial review tables/charts Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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