Using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 Restructured Form to Predict Functioning After Treatment for Borderline Personality Disorder: A Machine Learning Approach.

Insight into predictors of functioning after treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD) is limited, despite growing recognition that more focus on other aspects of recovery, especially psychosocial functioning, is warranted. The present study explored the utility of a widely used omnibus as...

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Published in:Psychological Assessment Vol. 37; no. 6/7; pp. 261 - 273
Main Authors: Wibbelink, Carlijn J. M., Sellbom, Martin, Grasman, Raoul P. P. P., Arntz, Arnoud, Sinnaeve, Roland, Kamphuis, Jan H.
Format: Article
Published: American Psychological Association Jul2025
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jul2025
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      pub: American Psychological Association
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        atl: Using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 Restructured Form to Predict Functioning After Treatment for Borderline Personality Disorder: A Machine Learning Approach.
      aug:
        au:
          Wibbelink, Carlijn J. M.
          Sellbom, Martin
          Grasman, Raoul P. P. P.
          Arntz, Arnoud
          Sinnaeve, Roland
          Kamphuis, Jan H.
        affil:
          Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam
          Department of Psychology, University of Otago
          Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam
          Academic Center for Trauma and Personality, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
          Department of Neurosciences, Mind Body Research, Catholic University Leuven
      su:
        Treatment of borderline personality disorder
        Borderline personality disorder
        Psychological tests
        Psychosocial factors
        Risk assessment
        Random forest algorithms
        Treatment effectiveness
        Descriptive statistics
        Dialectical behavior therapy
        Schema therapy
        Machine learning
        Psychosocial functioning
        Predictive validity
        Evaluation
      sug:
        subj:
          Treatment of borderline personality disorder
          Borderline personality disorder
          Psychological tests
          Psychosocial factors
          Risk assessment
          Random forest algorithms
          Treatment effectiveness
          Descriptive statistics
          Dialectical behavior therapy
          Schema therapy
          Machine learning
          Psychosocial functioning
          Predictive validity
          Evaluation
      keyword:
        borderline personality disorder
        machine learning
        Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 Restructured Form
        predictors
        treatment response
        borderline personality disorder
        machine learning
        Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 Restructured Form
        predictors
        treatment response
      ab: Insight into predictors of functioning after treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD) is limited, despite growing recognition that more focus on other aspects of recovery, especially psychosocial functioning, is warranted. The present study explored the utility of a widely used omnibus assessment instrument, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF), to predict change in functioning during treatment for BPD. Data were obtained from a randomized clinical trial into the effectiveness of 2-year evidence-based treatment for BPD (dialectical behavior therapy or schema therapy) among 130 participants diagnosed with BPD. Different machine learning algorithms, including elastic net regression (ENR), random forest, gradient boosting machine, and extreme gradient boosting, were implemented using nested cross-validation. The ENR model had an average explained variance of 42%. A combination of baseline functioning and four MMPI-2-RF scales emerged as key predictors of change in functioning. Baseline functioning was the most important predictor, with lower initial functioning levels related to more improvement. Higher scores on ideas of persecution, somatic complaints, family problems, and disconstraint were associated with less improvement in functioning. Given the risk of overfitting and the lack of an independent data set, future research should focus on the replicability and generalizability of the findings, as well as clarifying the underlying mechanisms. Our study serves as a first step in identifying patients at risk of poor functional outcome after treatment for BPD. Public Significance Statement: Given the increasing emphasis on improving psychosocial functioning alongside symptom recovery in treatment for borderline personality disorder, the present study employed machine learning algorithms to identify predictors of functional outcome after treatment using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 Restructured Form. Baseline functioning was the strongest predictor, while ideas of persecution, somatic complaints, family problems, and disconstraint were also associated with change in functioning, tentatively suggesting the importance of the therapeutic relationship.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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