Relying on the external world: Individuals variably use low- and medium-loading, but rarely high-loading, strategies when engaging visual working memory.

In naturalistic environments, people typically rely on external sampling rather than fully using their visual working memory capacity. However, when sampling becomes costly, people memorize more (i.e., loading). To investigate individual differences in sampling versus loading strategy, participants...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Visual Cognition Vol. 32; no. 8; pp. 657 - 675
Main Authors: Böing, S., de Zwart, B., Ten Brink, A. F., Nijboer, T. C. W., Van der Stigchel, S.
Format: equations & formulas pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article
Published: Taylor & Francis Ltd Sep2024
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Sep2024
      vid: 32
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      pub: Taylor & Francis Ltd
      place: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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        10.1080/13506285.2025.2484523
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        atl: Relying on the external world: Individuals variably use low- and medium-loading, but rarely high-loading, strategies when engaging visual working memory.
      aug:
        au:
          Böing, S.
          de Zwart, B.
          Ten Brink, A. F.
          Nijboer, T. C. W.
          Van der Stigchel, S.
        affil: Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
      sug:
        subj:
          Memory, Short Term
          Copying Processes
          Task Performance and Analysis
          Human
          Male
          Female
          Adolescence
          Adult
          Europe
          Qualitative Studies
          Descriptive Statistics
          Data Analysis Software
          Kendall's tau
          Nonparametric Statistics
          Funding Source
          Adolescent: 13-18 years
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: In naturalistic environments, people typically rely on external sampling rather than fully using their visual working memory capacity. However, when sampling becomes costly, people memorize more (i.e., loading). To investigate individual differences in sampling versus loading strategy, participants (n=88) performed a copying task under low-cost (immediate accessibility) and high-cost (delayed accessibility) sampling conditions. Participants were categorized as low-loaders (sampling >1 per item), medium-loaders (loading ≥1 per inspection), and high-loaders (loading ≥3 per inspection). Both sampling cost and prior experience (low-cost first versus high-cost first) affected sampling frequency and category. Crucially, low- and medium-loading strategies were common, but individuals seldom exhibited a high-loading strategy that approached working memory capacity limits. Despite individual variation in their preferred strategy, participants flexibly adapted their sampling frequency to task demands without affecting performance. This suggests that while individuals show distinct working memory strategies, they can adjust these flexibly, balancing effort, goals, and prior experience.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        equations & formulas
        pictorial
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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