Deficits in general and smoking‐specific response inhibition in the Go/No‐Go task in individuals who smoke: A cross‐sectional analysis.

Background and aims: Previous studies on response inhibition deficits in smoking have often been conducted in small, young, age‐homogeneous samples, without controlling for covariates or testing moderating effects. The primary research question compared response inhibition between a large, age‐diver...

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Publicado en:Addiction Vol. 120; no. 7; pp. 1402 - 1413
Autores principales: Motka, Franziska, Kühn, Simone, Wittekind, Charlotte E.
Formato: research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Wiley-Blackwell Jul2025
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jul2025
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      pub: Wiley-Blackwell
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        atl: Deficits in general and smoking‐specific response inhibition in the Go/No‐Go task in individuals who smoke: A cross‐sectional analysis.
      aug:
        au:
          Motka, Franziska
          Kühn, Simone
          Wittekind, Charlotte E.
        affil: Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
      sug:
        subj:
          Substance Use Disorders Psychosocial Factors
          Substance Use Disorders Physiopathology
          Smoking Psychosocial Factors
          Executive Function
          Task Performance and Analysis
          Human
          Funding Source
          Germany
          Male
          Female
          Adult
          Middle Age
          Aged
          Cross Sectional Studies
          Comparative Studies
          Descriptive Statistics
          Data Analysis Software
          Reaction Time
          Cognition Disorders
          Attention
          Behavior
          Cognition
          Neuropsychological Tests
          Craving
          Age Factors
          Tobacco Products
          T-Tests
          Analysis of Variance
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Aged: 65+ years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Background and aims: Previous studies on response inhibition deficits in smoking have often been conducted in small, young, age‐homogeneous samples, without controlling for covariates or testing moderating effects. The primary research question compared response inhibition between a large, age‐diverse smoking sample and non‐smoking controls, and examined whether deficits were exacerbated toward smoking‐related stimuli. By accounting for key covariates and moderators, this study aimed to extend understanding of individual differences in response inhibition deficits in smoking. Design and setting: Cross‐sectional study conducted at a university laboratory in Munich, Germany. Participants: The large (n = 122, 57% female), age‐diverse (Mage = 41.4, range: 21–70 years) smoking group comprised individuals with moderate to severe tobacco dependence participating in a smoking reduction intervention study. Controls comprised n = 69 healthy individuals with no smoking history. Measurements: Primary outcomes were commission error (CE) rates and mean reaction times in Go trials (Go‐RT) in general and smoking‐specific Go/No‐Go tasks (GNGTs). Covariates included age, sex and IQ. Smoking‐related variables were cigarettes per day (CPD), tobacco dependence severity and craving. Findings General GNGT: The smoking group exhibited significantly higher CE rates (P‐value < 0.001, medium effect, BF10 = 9.06) than the control group. Higher craving was associated with faster Go‐RTs (β = −1.487, P‐value = 0.041). Smoking‐specific GNGT: CE rates were significantly higher in the smoking group only when controlling for covariates (β = 1.272, P‐value = 0.040). Higher craving was associated with higher CE rates during smoking‐related trials (β = 0.108, P‐value = 0.010). The smoking group showed significantly faster Go‐RTs in response to smoking‐related compared with neutral stimuli, relative to the control group (β = −3.326, P‐value = 0.027). Preliminary evidence indicated that greater deficits were associated with higher scores in smoking‐related variables, but only in older individuals. Conclusions: Individuals who smoke appear to exhibit response inhibition deficits, although these are not uniform and seem to be exacerbated during higher reported craving or in response to smoking‐related stimuli. Age may moderate the relationship between deficits and smoking‐related variables.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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