Asthma Phenotypes and Biomarkers...61st Respiratory Care Journal Conference, June 19–21, 2024, Tampa, Florida.

Asthma experienced by both adults and children is a phenotypically heterogeneous condition. Severe asthma, characterized by ongoing symptoms and airway inflammation despite high doses of inhaled and/or systemic corticosteroids, is the focus of research efforts to understand this underlying heterogen...

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Publicado en:Respiratory Care Vol. 70; no. 6; pp. 649 - 675
Autores principales: Grunwell, Jocelyn R., Fitzpatrick, Anne M.
Formato: CEU pictorial proceedings review tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Jun2025
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      pub: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
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        atl: Asthma Phenotypes and Biomarkers...61st Respiratory Care Journal Conference, June 19–21, 2024, Tampa, Florida.
      aug:
        au:
          Grunwell, Jocelyn R.
          Fitzpatrick, Anne M.
        affil: Dr. Grunwell is affiliated with Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
      sug:
        subj:
          Asthma Pathology
          Asthma Pathology
          Biological Markers
          Phenotype
          Asthma Therapy
          Congresses and Conferences
          Florida
          Education, Continuing (Credit)
          Child
          Adult
          Asthma Symptoms
          Adrenal Cortex Hormones Therapeutic Use
          Adrenal Cortex Hormones Administration and Dosage
          Severity of Illness
          Inflammation
          Disease Exacerbation
          Interleukins Blood
          Eosinophils
          Hypersensitivity
          Biological Products Therapeutic Use
          Immunoglobulins Blood
          Nitric Oxide
          Patient Admission
          Intensive Care Units
          Treatment Failure
          Child: 6-12 years
          Adult: 19-44 years
      ab: Asthma experienced by both adults and children is a phenotypically heterogeneous condition. Severe asthma, characterized by ongoing symptoms and airway inflammation despite high doses of inhaled and/or systemic corticosteroids, is the focus of research efforts to understand this underlying heterogeneity. Clinical phenotypes in both adult and pediatric asthma have been determined using supervised definition-driven classification and unsupervised data-driven clustering methods. Efforts to understand the underlying inflammatory patterns of severe asthma have led to the seminal discovery of type 2-high versus type 2-low phenotypes and to the development of biologics targeted at type 2-high inflammation to reduce the rates of severe asthma exacerbations. Type 2-high asthma is characterized by upregulation of T helper 2 immune pathways including interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 along with eosinophilic airway inflammation, sometimes allergic sensitization, and responsiveness to treatment with corticosteroids. Type 2-low asthma is poorly responsive to corticosteroids and is not as well characterized as type 2-high asthma. Type 2-low asthma is limited by being defined as the absence of type 2-high inflammatory markers. Choosing a biologic for the treatment of severe asthma involves the evaluation of a panel of biomarkers such as blood eosinophils, total and specific immunoglobulin E/allergic sensitization, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide. In this review, we focus on the underlying pathobiology of adult and pediatric asthma, discuss the different phenotype-based treatment options for adult and pediatric type 2-high with or without allergic asthma and type 2-low asthma, and describe a clinical phenotyping approach to patients to guide out-patient therapy. Finally, we end with a discussion of whether pediatric asthma exacerbations necessitating admission to an ICU constitute their own high-risk phenotype and/or whether it is a part of other previously defined high-risk subgroups such as difficult-to-control asthma, exacerbation-prone asthma, and severe treatment-resistant asthma.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        CEU
        pictorial
        proceedings
        review
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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