Reporting the standard error of the mean: a critical analysis of three journals in manual medicine.
Background: In the realm of biomedical research articles, authors typically utilize descriptive statistics to outline the characteristics of their study samples. The standard deviation (SD) serves to illustrate variability among the individuals in a sample, whereas the standard error of the mean (SE...
| Publicado en: | Chiropractic & Manual Therapies Vol. 33; no. 1; pp. 1 - 10 |
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| Autores principales: | , , , |
| Formato: | research tables/charts Journal Article |
| Publicado: |
BioMed Central
6/4/2025
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=185686116&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 185686116 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 2045709X BG1Z jtl: Chiropractic & Manual Therapies issn: 2045709X maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: 6/4/2025 vid: 33 iid: 1 pid: 24147 pub: BioMed Central artinfo: ui: 185686116 185686116 185686116 10.1186/s12998-025-00587-y 185686116 ppf: 1 ppct: 9 formats: fmt: – @attributes: type: T – @attributes: type: P tig: atl: Reporting the standard error of the mean: a critical analysis of three journals in manual medicine. aug: au: Manovic, Alen Immelsjö, Ebba Axen, Iben Palmgren, Per J. affil: Hälsosam Rörlighet Naprapati, Friledningsgatan 3B, 721 37, Västerås, Sweden sug: subj: Manual Therapy Newsletters Inappropriate Prescribing Data Analysis, Statistical Research, Medical Serial Publications Chiropractic Inferential Statistics Publishing Musculoskeletal Diseases Therapy Human Male Female Quantitative Studies Retrospective Design Record Review Descriptive Statistics Data Analysis Software Chi Square Test Fisher's Exact Test Post Hoc Analysis Probability Manipulation, Chiropractic Reproducibility of Results Male Female ab: Background: In the realm of biomedical research articles, authors typically utilize descriptive statistics to outline the characteristics of their study samples. The standard deviation (SD) serves to illustrate variability among the individuals in a sample, whereas the standard error of the mean (SEM) conveys the level of uncertainty associated with the sample mean's representation of the population mean. It is not unusual for authors of scientific articles to incorrectly utilize the SEM rather than the SD when explaining data variability. This is problematic because the SEM is consistently smaller than the SD, which could cause readers to underestimate variation in the data. In medical journals, inappropriate use has been found in 14–64% of articles. Moreover, in the field of musculoskeletal health and manual medicine, there is a noticeable absence of literature on the appropriate presentation of statistics. Aim: The aim of this study was to map the frequency of inappropriate reporting of SEM in articles published over a three-year period in three prominent journals in manual medicine. Methods: In this critical analysis, all articles in three journals – BMC Chiropractic and Manual Therapies (CMT), Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics (JMPT) and Musculoskeletal Science and Practice: An International Journal of Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy (MSP) – published between 2017 and 2019 were analysed based on descriptive statistics that inappropriately or vaguely reported SEMs. Results: In total, 790 articles were analysed from the three journals, 487 of which were found to report the SEM. Among these articles, we identified a frequency of 1.4% of inadequate SEM use. The investigation also showed that in 2.5% of the cases, authors did not clarify whether the ± sign presented in text, tables or figures expressed SDs or SEMs. Conclusion: There was a low frequency (1.4%) of inaccurately reported SEMs in scientific journals focusing on manual medicine, which was notably lower than studies conducted in other fields. Additionally, it was noted that in 2.5% of the articles, the ± sign was not adequately defined, which could lead to confusion among readers and hinder the interpretation of the results. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: research tables/charts Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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