Analogical reasoning: a Carnapian approach.

Analogical reasoning is a form of non-deductive reasoning that gives special weight to similarity considerations. Here, we pursue an approach to formalizing this type of reasoning that was initiated by Carnap in posthumously published work. In it, Carnap abandoned his long-time project of trying to...

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Publicado en:Synthese Vol. 205; no. 5; pp. 1 - 35
Autores principales: Douven, Igor, Verheyen, Steven, Elqayam, Shira, Gärdenfors, Peter, Osta-Vélez, Matías
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Springer Nature May2025
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        atl: Analogical reasoning: a Carnapian approach.
      aug:
        au:
          Douven, Igor
          Verheyen, Steven
          Elqayam, Shira
          Gärdenfors, Peter
          Osta-Vélez, Matías
        affil:
          https://ror.org/02en5vm52 SND, CNRS/Sorbonne University, Paris, France
          https://ror.org/057w15z03 Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
          https://ror.org/0312pnr83 School of Applied Social Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
          https://ror.org/012a77v79 Cognitive Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
          https://ror.org/024z2rq82 Department of Philosophy, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
      sug:
      keyword:
        Analogical reasoning
        Carnap
        Computer simulations
        Conceptual spaces
        Rationality
        Similarity
      ab: Analogical reasoning is a form of non-deductive reasoning that gives special weight to similarity considerations. Here, we pursue an approach to formalizing this type of reasoning that was initiated by Carnap in posthumously published work. In it, Carnap abandoned his long-time project of trying to define inductive and analogical reasoning syntactically and introduced attribute spaces to model the meanings of predicates. While these spaces remain underdeveloped in Carnap’s late work, it is clear that what he envisioned is, or is close to, what are presently known as “conceptual spaces.” We use the conceptual spaces framework as it has been developed over the past two decades to make progress on formally representing analogical reasoning. This will also allow us to address the question of the normative status of analogical reasoning, which was raised by Carnap and others but which has hitherto remained unanswered. Finally, we work out some of the empirical content of our proposal and reanalyze a publicly available dataset to test it.
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