ChatGPT, extended: large language models and the extended mind.
Recent research has relied on the use of fine-tuning techniques to incorporate philosophical knowledge into Large Language Models (LLMs). The present paper outlines an alternative approach to the development of such systems—one that is rooted in a technique known as Retrieval-Augmented Generation (R...
| Publicado en: | Synthese Vol. 205; no. 6; pp. 1 - 31 |
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| Autores principales: | , , |
| Formato: | Artículo |
| Publicado: |
Springer Nature
Jun2025
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hlh&AN=185795476&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: hlh uiTerm: 185795476 longDbName: Humanities International Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: jinfo: jid: 00397857 4LI jtl: Synthese issn: 00397857 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: Jun2025 vid: 205 iid: 6 pid: 237 pub: Springer Nature artinfo: ui: 185795476 10.1007/s11229-025-05046-y ppf: 1 ppct: 30 formats: fmt: – @attributes: type: T – @attributes: type: P size: 3.9MB tig: atl: ChatGPT, extended: large language models and the extended mind. aug: au: Smart, Paul Clowes, Robert Clark, Andy affil: https://ror.org/01ryk1543 Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, University Road, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, Hampshire, UK https://ror.org/02xankh89 Nova Institute of Philosophy, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Campolide - Colégio Almada Negreiros, 1099-032, Lisbon, Portugal https://ror.org/00ayhx656 Department of Philosophy, The University of Sussex, Sussex House, BN1 9RH, Brighton, East Sussex, UK sug: keyword: Andy Clark Artificial Intelligence ChatGPT Extended cognition Extended mind Large language models Philosophy and Religious Studies Philosophy Retrieval-augmented generation ab: Recent research has relied on the use of fine-tuning techniques to incorporate philosophical knowledge into Large Language Models (LLMs). The present paper outlines an alternative approach to the development of such systems—one that is rooted in a technique known as Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). In contrast to fine-tuning, RAG does not seek to adjust the internal parameters (or internal memory) of an LLM. Instead, RAG relies on the retrieval of information from an externally-situated store, which functions as a form of non-parametric (or external) memory. Applying this technique to the works of the contemporary philosopher Andy Clark yields Digital Andy: an LLM that is able to respond to questions about the extended mind. This serves as a practical demonstration of RAG-based techniques, highlighting how philosophical knowledge can be ‘incorporated’ into an LLM without the need for additional machine learning. But Digital Andy’s reliance on extra-systemic resources also raises questions about the scope of active externalist theorizing, encouraging us to consider Digital Andy’s status as an extended cognitive/computational system. Addressing these questions reveals some interesting points of convergence between the philosophical effort to understand the extended mind and the technological effort to build the next generation of LLMs. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: Article src: R language: English refInfo: copyright: @attributes: flag: Y custom: Synthese is a copyright of Springer, 2025. All Rights Reserved. item: Synthese holder: Springer Nature dt: @attributes: year: 2025 holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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