Challenges and opportunities in community pharmacists' identification and management of dry eye disease: a qualitative study.

Objective To explore Malaysian community pharmacists' (CP) challenges in identifying and managing dry eye disease (DED) and opportunities to optimize DED care, as previous studies reported inconsistencies in DED identification by community pharmacy staff, and few publications describe Malaysian CP v...

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Published in:International Journal of Pharmacy Practice Vol. 33; no. 3; pp. 292 - 300
Main Authors: Ng, Shong Li, Tey, Adrian, Sellappans, Renukha, Aftab, Raja Ahsan, Leong, Yat Yin, Yau, Mei Qian, Tan, Bee Kim
Format: research tables/charts Journal Article
Published: Oxford University Press / USA Jun2025
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jun2025
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      pub: Oxford University Press / USA
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        atl: Challenges and opportunities in community pharmacists' identification and management of dry eye disease: a qualitative study.
      aug:
        au:
          Ng, Shong Li
          Tey, Adrian
          Sellappans, Renukha
          Aftab, Raja Ahsan
          Leong, Yat Yin
          Yau, Mei Qian
          Tan, Bee Kim
        affil: School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
      sug:
        subj:
          Community Health Services Malaysia
          Dry Eye Syndromes Diagnosis
          Dry Eye Syndromes Therapy
          Pharmacists
          Professional Role
          Pharmacist Attitudes Evaluation
          Human
          Funding Source
          Malaysia
          Male
          Female
          Adult
          Middle Age
          Qualitative Studies
          Sociological Theory
          Purposive Sample
          Snowball Sample
          Interviews
          Audiorecording
          Thematic Analysis
          Patient Assessment
          Referral and Consultation
          Professional Knowledge
          Health Resource Allocation
          Personnel Shortage
          Patient Attitudes
          Health Literacy
          Self-Efficacy
          Quality Improvement
          Health Education
          Mobile Applications
          Decision Support Systems, Clinical
          Interprofessional Relations
          Collaboration
          Health Personnel Education
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Objective To explore Malaysian community pharmacists' (CP) challenges in identifying and managing dry eye disease (DED) and opportunities to optimize DED care, as previous studies reported inconsistencies in DED identification by community pharmacy staff, and few publications describe Malaysian CP views on DED management in community pharmacy settings. Method Using the Social Ecological Theory for Community Health Promotion, individual in-depth interviews were conducted (May–June 2023) with 20 CP in Malaysia's Klang Valley. Participants with diverse DED management experiences were recruited using purposive and snowball sampling until data saturation. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, independently coded by two researchers, and thematically analysed. Key findings CP faced 12 challenges in identifying and managing DED: patient-related (brand rigidity, 'quick fix' attitude, inadequate health literacy, and self-efficacy skills), provider-related (imprecise assessment, referral difficulties, knowledge gaps), therapeutics-related (short shelf life, affordability), and pharmacy-related (limited manpower, inadequate private consultation space, low eye health visibility). The 12 opportunities for optimizing DED care were community-related (eye health education, holistic approaches, public awareness), profession-related (decision-support mobile health applications integrated with evidence-based DED management protocols to streamline consultation processes, interdisciplinary collaborations), industry-related (pharmaceutical and medical device advancements, comparative data on medication value, promotion of proactive management), and organization-related (management-mandated resource allocation, ancillary staff education, and expanded products and services). Conclusion Malaysian CP encountered challenges in identifying and managing DED. Knowledge sharing and collaborations with ophthalmologists improve DED management by CP, while clinicians can stay updated on medication-related recommendations and treatment adherence. The role of digital health in these processes requires further study.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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