Emergency Department Blood Pressure Management in Type B Aortic Dissection: An Analysis with Machine Learning.

Background: Acute aortic dissections (AAD) have a high morbidity and mortality rate. Treatment for type B aortic dissection includes strict systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) control per the American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines. However, predictors of successful emergency depar...

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Published in:Western Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health Vol. 26; no. 3; pp. 674 - 685
Main Authors: Chen, Nelson, Downing, Jessica V., Epstein, Jacob, Mudd, Samira, Chan, Angie, Kuppireddy, Sneha, Tehrani, Roya, Vashee, Isha, Hart, Emily, Esposito, Emily, Chasm, Rose, Tran, Quincy K.
Format: research tables/charts Journal Article
Published: Western Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health May2025
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: May2025
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      pub: Western Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health
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        10.5811/westjem.25005
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        atl: Emergency Department Blood Pressure Management in Type B Aortic Dissection: An Analysis with Machine Learning.
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          Chen, Nelson
          Downing, Jessica V.
          Epstein, Jacob
          Mudd, Samira
          Chan, Angie
          Kuppireddy, Sneha
          Tehrani, Roya
          Vashee, Isha
          Hart, Emily
          Esposito, Emily
          Chasm, Rose
          Tran, Quincy K.
        affil: University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
      sug:
        subj:
          Emergency Service
          Blood Pressure Determination Methods
          Aortic Dissections Complications
          Machine Learning
          Heart Rate Evaluation
          Transfer, Discharge
          Human
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          Female
          Middle Age
          Aged
          Aged, 80 and Over
          Retrospective Design
          Record Review
          Practice Guidelines
          Systolic Pressure Physiology
          Random Forest
          Decision Trees
          Adrenergic beta-Antagonists Therapeutic Use
          Vasodilator Agents Therapeutic Use
          Labetalol Therapeutic Use
          Pain Management Methods
          Morphine Administration and Dosage
          American Heart Association
          Hemodynamics
          Descriptive Statistics
          Data Analysis Software
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Aged: 65+ years
          Aged, 80 & over
          Male
          Female
      ab: Background: Acute aortic dissections (AAD) have a high morbidity and mortality rate. Treatment for type B aortic dissection includes strict systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) control per the American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines. However, predictors of successful emergency department (ED) management of SBP have not been well studied. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the records of adult patients presenting to any regional ED with type B AAD between 2017-2020 with initial SBP >120 mmHg and HR >60 beats per minute (bpm) and were subsequently transferred to our quaternary center. Primary outcome was SBP <120 mmHg based on both the 2010 and 2022 AHA guidelines and HR <60 bpm (based on the 2010 guideline), or HR <80 (2022 guideline). We used random forest (RF) algorithms, a machine-learning tool that uses clusters of decision trees to predict a categorical outcome, to identify predictors of achieving HR and SBP goals prior to ED departure, defined as the time point at which patients left the referring ED to come to our institution. Results: The analysis included 134 patients. At the time of ED departure, 26 (19%) had SBP <120 mmHg, 96 (67%) received anti-impulse therapy, and 40 (28%) received beta-blocker or vasodilator infusions specifically. The RF algorithm identified higher triage SBP and treatment with intravenous labetalol as the top predictors for SBP >120 mmHg at ED departure, contrary to AHA guidelines. Pain management with higher total morphine equivalent unit, as well as shorter time to computed tomography as predictors for HR <60 bpm and <80 bpm, were in concert with AHA guidelines. Conclusion: Many patients with type B AAD did not achieve hemodynamic parameters in line with 2010 or 2022 AHA guidelines while being in the ED prior to transferring to a quaternary care center for further evaluation and management. Patients with higher heart rate and systolic blood pressure on ED arrival were less likely to achieve goals at the time of departure from the referring EDs. Those receiving more pain medications prior to transfer were more likely to meet certain AHA goals.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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