Haptics-based, higher-order sensory substitution designed for object negotiation in blindness and low vision: Virtual Whiskers.

Purpose: People with blindness and low vision (pBLV) face challenges in navigating. Mobility aids are crucial for enhancing independence and safety. This paper presents an electronic travel aid that leverages a haptic-based, higher-order sensory substitution approach called Virtual Whiskers, designe...

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Published in:Disability & Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology Vol. 20; no. 5; pp. 1433 - 1453
Main Authors: Feng, Junchi, Hamilton-Fletcher, Giles, Hudson, Todd E., Beheshti, Mahya, Porfiri, Maurizio, Rizzo, John-Ross
Format: pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article
Published: Taylor & Francis Ltd Jul2025
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jul2025
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      pub: Taylor & Francis Ltd
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        10.1080/17483107.2025.2458112
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        atl: Haptics-based, higher-order sensory substitution designed for object negotiation in blindness and low vision: Virtual Whiskers.
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          Feng, Junchi
          Hamilton-Fletcher, Giles
          Hudson, Todd E.
          Beheshti, Mahya
          Porfiri, Maurizio
          Rizzo, John-Ross
        affil: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
      sug:
        subj:
          Blindness
          Vision, Subnormal
          Assistive Technology Devices
          Touch
          Sensory Aids
          Human
          Funding Source
          Persons with Visual Disabilities
          Feedback
          Wireless Communications
          Algorithms
          Crossover Design
          Safety
          Male
          Female
          Adult
          Middle Age
          Aged
          Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
          Confidence Intervals
          Descriptive Statistics
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Aged: 65+ years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Purpose: People with blindness and low vision (pBLV) face challenges in navigating. Mobility aids are crucial for enhancing independence and safety. This paper presents an electronic travel aid that leverages a haptic-based, higher-order sensory substitution approach called Virtual Whiskers, designed to help pBLV navigate obstacles effectively, efficiently, and safely. Materials and Methods: Virtual Whiskers is equipped with a plurality of modular vibration units that operate independently to deliver haptic feedback to users. Virtual Whiskers features two navigation modes: open path mode and depth mode, each addressing obstacle negotiation from different perspectives. The open path mode detects and delineates a traversable area within an analyzed field of view and then guides the user in the most traversable direction with adaptive vibratory feedback. Depth mode assists users in negotiating obstacles by highlighting spatial areas with prominent obstacles; haptic feedback is generated by re-mapping proximity to vibration intensity. We recruited 10 participants with blindness or low vision for user testing of Virtual Whiskers. Results: Both approaches reduce hesitation time (idle periods) and decrease the number of cane contacts with objects and walls. Conclusions: Virtual Whiskers is a promising obstacle negotiation strategy that demonstrates great potential to assist with pBLV navigation. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: Enhanced Mobility and Independence: Virtual Whiskers significantly improves navigational aids for people with blindness and low vision (pBLV) by offering realtime, intuitive haptic feedback. This enhances users' ability to navigate complex environments safely, reducing reliance on traditional mobility aids like the white cane. Customizable Rehabilitation Approaches: The dual-mode functionality of Virtual Whiskers allows for tailored rehabilitation strategies, adapting to diverse environmental challenges and individual preferences. This flexibility facilitates a more personalized and effective rehabilitation process. Advanced Obstacle Detection: Virtual Whiskers leverages generalized obstacle detection, enabling it to identify any hazardous obstacles for pBLV users, regardless of whether these obstacles have been previously included in the training dataset for the computer vision model. This capability enhances safety and accessibility, making it possible for users to navigate diverse environments with confidence.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        pictorial
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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