| Sumario: | While today the connection between philosophy and medicine needs argumentation, in antiquity they were inherently connected. This study shows how an ancient author can enrich contemporary perceptions of the relationship between them. In his satirical dialogue “The Lover of Lies” (Philopseudes), Lucian presents the figures of the philosopher and the doctor, but also their inverted image – the charlatan. The article explores their main characteristics and the literary devices employed to depict them. The analysis shows that it is not doctors and philosophers who are the object of criticism in the text, but the distorted version of them in the character of the pseudo-scholar and the fraudster. Lucian offers a remedy for ignorance and superstition – sound reason and rational knowledge.
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