Buddies , Dudes , and Bros of Ontario: Trends and Patterns of Vocative Change.

This study tracks the use of familiarizer vocatives across the twentieth century in Ontario, Canada from a corpus comprising 11 million words of conversational interviews from individuals in eighteen communities, born between the 1880s and the 2000s. Vocatives are a richly variable grammatical categ...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Publicado en:Journal of English Linguistics Vol. 53; no. 2; pp. 107 - 137
Autores principales: Needle, Jeremy M., Tagliamonte, Sali A.
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Sage Publications Inc. Jun2025
Materias:
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
fields @attributes:
  recordID: 1
pdfLink:
plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hlh&AN=186281197&site=ehost-live
header:
  @attributes:
    shortDbName: hlh
    uiTerm: 186281197
    longDbName: Humanities International Complete
    uiTag: AN
  controlInfo:
    bkinfo:
    jinfo:
      jid:
        00754242
        EGL
      jtl: Journal of English Linguistics
      issn: 00754242
      maglogo: Y
    pubinfo:
      dt: Jun2025
      vid: 53
      iid: 2
      pid: 344
      pub: Sage Publications Inc.
    artinfo:
      ui:
        186281197
        10.1177/00754242251341318
      ppf: 107
      ppct: 30
      formats:
      tig:
        atl: Buddies , Dudes , and Bros of Ontario: Trends and Patterns of Vocative Change.
      aug:
        au:
          Needle, Jeremy M.
          Tagliamonte, Sali A.
        affil:
          Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
          University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
      su:
        Grammatical categories
        Twentieth century
        Random forest algorithms
        Linguistic context
        Gender
      sug:
        subj:
          Grammatical categories
          Twentieth century
          Random forest algorithms
          Linguistic context
          Gender
      keyword:
        address terms
        Canadian English
        familiarizers
        gender
        innovation
        twentieth century
        urban versus rural
        vocatives
      ab: This study tracks the use of familiarizer vocatives across the twentieth century in Ontario, Canada from a corpus comprising 11 million words of conversational interviews from individuals in eighteen communities, born between the 1880s and the 2000s. Vocatives are a richly variable grammatical category which are strongly tied to their sociolinguistic context. We focus here on the sub-category of familiarizers for birth years 1950-2004, which in these materials are almost entirely dominated by man, buddy, and dude. We extracted and coded several thousand vocative tokens, yielding 467 familiarizers. Random Forest modeling shows significant effects of birth year, gender, and community; but not education nor occupation. The dominant familiarizer man declines with the rise of buddy (outside Toronto) and dude (especially inside Toronto). Women use these incoming forms more than men do, perhaps as alternatives to the masculine-associated form man. The results show rapid change for familiarizers in patterns which parallel longstanding sociolinguistic principles.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
    refInfo:
    copyright:
      @attributes:
        flag: Y
      dt:
        @attributes:
          year: 2025
    holdings:
      @attributes:
        islocal: N